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Pine Bark vs. Grape Seed: Comparing Antioxidant Absorption

Date: September 11, 2026 10:33 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Pine Bark vs. Grape Seed: Comparing Antioxidant Absorption

The Ultimate Guide to Plant-Based Antioxidants: Pine Bark Extract vs. Grape Seed Extract

If you have ever left a sliced apple on the counter and watched it turn brown, you have witnessed oxidative stress. The same "rusting" process happens inside our bodies every day due to pollution, stress, poor diet, and natural aging. To fight this, our bodies rely on antioxidants—microscopic defenders that neutralize the damage.

While vitamins C and E are famous antioxidants, the plant kingdom offers something much stronger. Two of the most powerful natural antioxidants on the planet are extracted from parts of plants we usually throw away: the bark of pine trees and the seeds of grapes.

If you're looking to boost your health, you might find yourself stuck trying to figure out pine bark extract vs grape seed extract. And more specifically, you might be wondering about Pycnogenol vs grape seed extract.

Let's break down the science of these plant-based powerhouses, explain what makes them tick, and look at how well your body actually absorbs them—all without needing a degree in chemistry.

The Secret Ingredient: What are OPCs?

To understand why these two extracts are so powerful, you need to know a very long word: Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins, or OPCs for short.

Think of OPCs as the elite special forces of the antioxidant world. They are natural compounds found in the woody, outer parts of plants (like bark, stems, and seed shells). In nature, OPCs protect the plant from harsh weather, bugs, and UV rays. When we consume them, they offer us incredible protection.

In fact, OPCs have been shown to be dramatically more powerful at fighting off cellular damage than standard Vitamin C or Vitamin E. Both pine bark and grape seeds are absolutely packed with OPCs, which is why they are so famous in the wellness world.

Grape Seed Extract (GSE): The Circulation Champion

Just as the name suggests, Grape Seed Extract is pulled from the seeds of grapes (usually red wine grapes). For decades, scientists wondered why certain European cultures could eat diets high in rich foods and fats but still maintain incredible heart health. Part of the answer was found in the grapes they used to make wine.

What it does:

Grape Seed Extract is famous for supporting blood vessels. It helps keep your arteries flexible and strong, which promotes healthy blood pressure and reduces swelling (edema) in the legs.

The makeup:

GSE is highly concentrated with OPCs. It also contains a unique compound called gallic acid, which is excellent for fighting inflammation.

Pine Bark Extract and Pycnogenol: The Premium Defender

Pine bark extract comes from the inner bark of pine trees. While there are many generic pine bark supplements, you will almost always see the name Pycnogenol.

What is Pycnogenol?

Pycnogenol is a patented, highly standardized form of pine bark extract sourced exclusively from the French maritime pine tree. Because it is trademarked, every batch is guaranteed to have the exact same ratio of active ingredients. When scientists study pine bark, they are almost always studying Pycnogenol.

What it does:

Like grape seed extract, Pycnogenol is fantastic for blood flow. However, it is also famous for its effects on the skin and joints. It actually binds to collagen and elastin - the proteins that keep your skin looking plump and youthful—and protects them from breaking down.

The Main Event: Pycnogenol vs Grape Seed Extract

So, if both of these supplements are packed with OPCs, what is the difference? The real battle comes down to bioavailability (absorption rates).

What is Bioavailability?

"Bioavailability" is just a fancy way of asking: How much of this actually makes it into my bloodstream?

You can swallow 1,000 milligrams of a supplement, but if your body can't absorb it, it just passes through your digestive tract and ends up in the toilet. To get into your bloodstream, antioxidant molecules have to be small enough to pass through the lining of your gut.

The Size of the Molecules (Oligomers vs. Polymers)

Here is where the comparison between pine bark extract vs grape seed extract gets interesting.

OPCs come in different sizes.

Oligomers are small, lightweight chains of molecules. They are tiny enough to slip right through your intestinal walls and into your blood.
Polymers (often called tannins) are large, clunky chains. They are simply too big to be absorbed into the bloodstream.

The Grape Seed Absorption Profile

Grape seeds naturally contain a very wide mix of both small oligomers and large polymers. If you buy a cheap, low-quality grape seed extract, you might be getting a lot of large polymers that your body cannot absorb. However, high-quality, standardized Grape Seed Extracts are specially filtered to ensure they contain mostly small, easily absorbed OPCs. Once absorbed, the gallic acid in grape seed extract stays in the blood for a long time, providing excellent, long-lasting antioxidant protection.

The Pine Bark (Pycnogenol) Absorption Profile

Pycnogenol is famous precisely because of its absorption. The natural composition of the French maritime pine tree bark is already heavily skewed toward the smaller, highly absorbable oligomers. Furthermore, because Pycnogenol is a strictly controlled, patented extract, the molecule size is guaranteed. When you take it, you know with absolute certainty that a massive percentage of those OPCs are crossing the gut barrier and entering your system rapidly.

Which One Should You Choose?

Both extracts are spectacular choices for fighting oxidative stress, but your choice depends on your specific health goals and your budget.

Choose Grape Seed Extract if:

You want a budget-friendly option: Grape seed extract is generally much more affordable because grape seeds are a massive byproduct of the global wine industry.
You are focused on cardiovascular health: GSE is heavily researched for its ability to support healthy blood pressure and reduce leg swelling.
You want the unique benefits of gallic acid: This specific inflammation-fighter is found in grapes but not in pine bark.

Choose Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol) if:

You want guaranteed absorption: The trademarked standardization means you know exactly what you are getting, and that your body will absorb it.
You care about skin health and anti-aging: Pycnogenol's unique ability to bind to and protect collagen makes it a favorite in the skincare world.
You are fighting allergies or joint pain: Pycnogenol has a massive body of clinical trials showing it helps calm the immune system's overreaction to allergens and reduces joint discomfort.

The Bottom Line

When comparing Pycnogenol vs grape seed extract, there is no "loser." Both are incredibly potent sources of plant-based antioxidants that protect your body from cellular rust.

If you are looking for an affordable, heart-healthy daily shield, high-quality Grape Seed Extract is a phenomenal choice. If you are willing to spend a little more for a premium, heavily researched extract that targets skin, joints, and guaranteed absorption, Pycnogenol is the gold standard.

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The Ultimate Guide to Cellular Longevity: NAD+, Methylation, and Senolytics

Date: September 10, 2026 10:57 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: The Ultimate Guide to Cellular Longevity: NAD+, Methylation, and Senolytics

Introduction: Understanding Cellular Aging and Energy Decline

Biological aging represents a progressive decline in cellular maintenance, structural repair, and energy generation. Over decades, tissues experience an attrition of functional reserves, compromised stress resilience, and persistent low-grade systemic inflammation. At the cellular scale, biological degeneration is driven by a failure to generate bioenergetic fuel, repair genetic code, and clear metabolic waste.

Cellular aging is characterized by interconnected biological disruptions known as the hallmarks of aging. These encompass genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial decay, loss of proteostasis, and cellular senescence. Rather than operating as isolated occurrences, these phenomena establish a self-reinforcing degenerative cycle: declining cellular power generation impairs enzymatic genetic repair, promoting the accumulation of damaged cells that enter irreversible growth arrest and poison surrounding healthy tissues. Mitigating cellular aging requires examining how microscopic bioenergetic pathways deteriorate and evaluating how targeted nutritional and biochemical interventions can restore cellular homeostasis.

The Role of Mitochondria and ATP Production

Every biological function - from muscular contraction to continuous DNA replication - depends on adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary biochemical energy currency of living systems. Cells produce the vast majority of this energy within mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation. Within these specialized organelles, metabolic intermediates derived from dietary carbohydrates and lipids donate high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain. The flow of these electrons across protein complexes establishes an electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, driving ATP synthase to manufacture ATP.

A youthful cell functions like an efficient municipal power grid, dynamically matching energetic demands with immediate ATP output. However, as biological aging progresses, mitochondrial efficiency declines. The electron transport chain becomes structurally leaky, inadvertently shedding electrons that react with ambient molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). While regulated levels of ROS participate in vital intracellular signaling, chronic excess induces widespread oxidative stress.

Mitochondria are exceptionally vulnerable to this oxidative burden because they carry their own circular genetic material, known as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Unlike nuclear DNA, mtDNA lacks the protective shielding of histone proteins and possesses rudimentary repair systems. As a result, mtDNA sustains cumulative oxidative damage, encoding increasingly defective electron transport chain proteins. This dynamic generates a bioenergetic deficit: degraded mitochondria synthesize progressively less ATP while emitting greater volumes of damaging free radicals. Deprived of optimal ATP reserves, cells lack the energy necessary to drive vital enzymatic repair cascades, accelerating structural degeneration and functional exhaustion.

How Cellular Senescence Accelerates the Aging Process

When healthy cells confront critical physiological damage - such as severe telomere attrition, persistent DNA double-strand breaks, or oxidative stress - they activate protective cell cycle arrest pathways governed primarily by the p53/p21^CIP1 and p16^INK4a/Rb molecular checkpoints. This defensive shutdown, termed cellular senescence, permanently prevents the replication of potentially premalignant or mutated cells.

Senescent cells, colloquially known as "zombie cells," enter a state of permanent growth arrest while actively resisting programmed cell death (apoptosis). Over time, these cells accumulate within adipose depots, skeletal muscle, the vascular endothelium, and major organs, largely because immune surveillance and clearance pathways simultaneously lose functional efficiency.

The systemic danger of senescent cells stems from their secretome. Rather than remaining biologically inert, senescent cells develop a hyperactive secretory state termed the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). The SASP is a destructive mixture of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and reactive oxygen species.

Through this toxic secretome, even a small burden of senescent cells can impair whole-tissue architecture. SASP factors degrade surrounding structural proteins, induce insulin resistance in neighboring metabolic cells, and biochemically force adjacent healthy cells into secondary senescence. This persistent paracrine signaling fuels chronic, sterile, low-grade systemic inflammation, termed "inflammaging," which accelerates systemic tissue degeneration and elevates susceptibility to degenerative age-related pathologies.

Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) and the NAD+ Salvage Pathway

The Biochemistry of NAD+ Depletion Over Time

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an indispensable coenzyme present in every living cell. NAD+ fulfills a dual biological mandate: it serves as a central redox cofactor that shuttles electrons between cellular metabolic reactions, and it functions as an obligatory consumable substrate for regulatory enzymes that preserve cellular viability. In its redox capacity, NAD+ accepts electrons to form NADH during glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and fatty acid beta-oxidation, subsequently donating those electrons to Complex I of the respiratory chain to power ATP synthesis.

NAD+ Pathway / Consumer	Primary Biochemical Role	Functional Impact of Age-Related Depletion
Mitochondrial Redox Reactions	Shuttles electrons (NAD+ <--> NADH) to drive oxidative phosphorylation.	Impaired ATP generation, diminished metabolic flexibility.
Sirtuin Enzymes (SIRT1-7)	Removes acetyl groups from regulatory proteins; coordinates longevity defense.	Blunted mitochondrial biogenesis, degraded metabolic regulation.
PARP Enzymes (PARP-1)	Detects DNA strand breaks and synthesizes poly(ADP-ribose) scaffolds.	Hyperactivation drains systemic NAD+ pools during genotoxic stress.
CD38 Ecto-Enzyme	Glycohydrolase that consumes cellular NAD+ and its precursors.	Upregulated by SASP, aggressively accelerating NAD+ depletion.

Tissue concentrations of NAD+ decline with advancing chronological age. Clinical evidence shows that systemic NAD+ levels in midlife and older adults can drop by 50% to over 80% compared to young adult baselines. This deficit is driven not only by reduced biosynthesis, but by accelerating enzymatic consumption.

The primary enzymatic driver of age-related NAD+ destruction is CD38, a membrane-bound glycohydrolase expressed on immune cells that is upregulated in response to chronic SASP exposure. Concurrently, lifelong genotoxic damage causes persistent activation of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), an enzyme that cleaves the glycosidic bonds of NAD+ to assemble branched poly(ADP-ribose) chains at DNA lesion sites. Because PARP-1 consumes NAD+ without directly recycling the molecule, chronic DNA damage depletes intracellular NAD+ pools, impairing bioenergetics and limiting sirtuin activity.

How NR Efficiently Boosts Cellular NAD+ Levels

The mammalian body maintains its NAD+ supply through three distinct biosynthetic routes: the de novo pathway from dietary L-tryptophan, the Preiss-Handler pathway from nicotinic acid (niacin), and the NAD+ Salvage Pathway. The de novo pathway requires substantial energy expenditure, consuming roughly sixty milligrams of dietary tryptophan to yield a single milligram of NAD+. The Preiss-Handler pathway, while effective, can induce cutaneous prostaglandin-mediated flushing at therapeutic intakes. Consequently, the salvage pathway serves as the primary mechanism for maintaining intracellular NAD+ pools.

The salvage pathway recycles the breakdown product nicotinamide (NAM), which is released whenever NAD+-consuming enzymes execute their functions. Under normal conditions, cells convert free nicotinamide into nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) via the rate-limiting enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), after which NMN adenylyltransferases (NMNAT1–3) complete the conversion into NAD+. However, NAMPT expression declines with advancing age, chronic inflammation, and metabolic stress, limiting the recycling capacity of the cell.

Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) is a naturally occurring pyridine nucleoside that bypasses this enzymatic bottleneck. Upon cellular entry via equilibrative nucleoside transporters, NR is directly phosphorylated into NMN by nicotinamide riboside kinases (NRK1 and NRK2) using a single molecule of ATP. Because the NRK pathway remains intact and robust across the lifespan, NR provides an efficient alternative entry point into the NAD+ salvage cascade.

Clinical evaluations in humans confirm the safety, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics of oral NR supplementation. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials reveal that oral NR chloride produces dose-dependent increases in steady-state whole blood NAD+ concentrations. Dosing regimens of 100 mg, 300 mg, and 1,000 mg daily elevate blood NAD+ levels by approximately 22%, 51%, and up to 142%, respectively, within two weeks of administration, maintaining these elevations throughout continuous use. High-resolution metabolomic analyses also demonstrate parallel elevations in nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD), establishing it as a reliable biomarker of active intracellular NAD+ synthesis without hepatic or systemic toxicity.

Sirtuin Activation and DNA Repair Mechanisms

Replenishing intracellular NAD+ supports functions beyond mitochondrial ATP generation. NAD+ functions as an obligatory cofactor for sirtuins (SIRT1 through SIRT7), a family of class III histone and non-histone protein deacetylases that regulate stress resilience, metabolic homeostasis, and cell survival. Sirtuins couple the removal of acetyl groups from target lysine residues to the stoichiometric cleavage of NAD+, producing nicotinamide and O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. In states of NAD+ deficiency, sirtuin enzymes remain inactive regardless of cellular demand.

In the nucleus, SIRT1 coordinates defense against cellular decline. When activated by restored NAD+ levels, SIRT1 deacetylates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1a), the master transcriptional coactivator of mitochondrial biogenesis. This deacetylation stimulates mitochondrial replication and assembly, expanding functional respiratory capacity. Concurrently, SIRT1 deacetylates the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), suppressing the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the mitochondria, SIRT3 utilizes NAD+ to deacetylate metabolic enzymes and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), enhancing the organelle's capacity to neutralize reactive oxygen species.

At the same time, cellular NAD+ levels directly regulate genomic integrity through PARP-1. When genotoxic stress or oxidative damage induces single- or double-strand DNA breaks, PARP-1 binds to the damaged termini using its zinc-finger domains. Bound PARP-1 hydrolyzes NAD+ to synthesize extensive, negatively charged poly(ADP-ribose) polymers on itself and adjacent histones. This modification relaxes chromatin architecture and establishes an electrostatic scaffold that recruits base excision repair and homologous recombination complexes.

Recent discoveries demonstrate close crosstalk between sirtuins and PARP-1 during DNA repair. PARP-1 recruits SIRT1 to double-strand breaks, where SIRT1 deacetylates the chromatin-remodeling ATPase BRG1 to displace nucleosomes and facilitate homologous recombination. However, because PARP-1 and SIRT1 draw from the same intracellular NAD+ pool, severe NAD+ depletion forces a biological compromise: PARP-1 consumes the scarce remaining cofactor to address DNA damage, leaving sirtuins deactivated. Restoring NAD+ via NR prevents this deficit, enabling concurrent genomic repair and sirtuin-mediated metabolic defense.

Quercetin: A Powerful Senolytic and mTOR Regulator

Clearing Senescent "Zombie" Cells from Tissues

The accumulation of senescent cells has driven interest in senolytics: molecules that selectively eliminate senescent cells while sparing healthy, non-senescent populations. Senolytic agents exploit a specific vulnerability in senescent cells. Because senescent cells produce cytotoxic, pro-inflammatory SASP factors that would normally induce their own death, they become dependent on upregulated Senescent Cell Anti-Apoptotic Pathways (SCAPs) to survive. The SCAP network involves anti-apoptotic proteins (such as BCL-2 and BCL-xL), the PI3K/Akt kinase cascade, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.

Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid found in capers, red onions, apples, and the flower buds of Sophora japonica. Beyond its classical antioxidant properties, quercetin functions as a senolytic compound that exerts multi-target inhibitory effects across the SCAP network. By inhibiting the upstream PI3K/Akt survival axis and downregulating anti-apoptotic defenses, quercetin disrupts the signaling that protects senescent cells from intrinsic apoptosis. Deprived of these survival signals, senescent cells undergo programmed cell death.

Preclinical studies demonstrate that senolytic protocols utilizing quercetin - often combined with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib - reduce senescent cell burden across multiple tissues. This targeted clearance lowers circulating SASP factors, attenuates tissue fibrosis, restores endothelial reactivity, and improves functional health span. By removing senescent cells, quercetin mitigates the primary driver of chronic, low-grade inflammaging.

Modulating the mTOR Pathway for Optimal Autophagy

The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that coordinates cellular metabolism by balancing anabolic growth with catabolic recycling. Operating within two multiprotein complexes - mTORC1 and mTORC2 - the mTOR pathway integrates signals from amino acids, growth factors, and intracellular energy levels. In nutrient-rich environments, mTORC1 promotes protein synthesis, lipogenesis, and cellular growth, while suppressing catabolic breakdown. Conversely, nutrient scarcity downregulates mTORC1, activating autophagy.

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that packages damaged organelles, misfolded protein aggregates, and biological debris into double-membraned autophagosomes for lysosomal degradation and recycling. A specialized branch of this pathway, mitophagy, selectively targets and clears damaged mitochondria. In modern metabolic conditions characterized by continuous caloric intake, mTORC1 can remain persistently active. This persistent signaling suppresses autophagy, causing damaged organelles and toxic aggregates to accumulate within tissues.

Quercetin functions as a natural modulator of mTOR signaling. By inhibiting upstream PI3K/Akt signaling and activating intracellular energy sensors, quercetin attenuates overactive mTORC1, mimicking the metabolic effects of caloric restriction. This down-regulation relieves inhibition on the ULK1 autophagy initiation complex, stimulating both general autophagy and mitophagy. As autophagy proceeds, cells clear protein aggregates and eliminate damaged mitochondria, supporting cellular longevity and proteostasis.

Enhancing Absorption: Phytosomes and Dietary Fats

Despite the biological activities of quercetin identified in experimental models, its clinical translation has historically been limited by poor oral bioavailability. Raw quercetin aglycone is a crystalline, hydrophobic polyphenol with poor solubility in water and gastrointestinal fluids. When ingested in unformulated powder forms, quercetin molecules aggregate in the gut lumen, resisting dissolution and passive absorption. Consequently, the vast majority of an unformulated dose passes into the colon unabsorbed, where it undergoes microbial degradation without reaching meaningful systemic concentrations.

To address these pharmacokinetic limitations, advanced delivery systems such as phytosomes were engineered. A phytosome is a 100% food-grade molecular complex where individual polyphenolic molecules are bound to dietary phospholipids, typically sunflower-derived phosphatidylcholine. Unlike a classical liposome - which encapsulates water-soluble compounds inside an aqueous core enclosed by a lipid bilayer - a phytosome forms an amphiphilic complex at the molecular level.

The polar head of the phosphatidylcholine molecule forms hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the quercetin molecule, while its lipophilic fatty acid tails extend outward. This structural arrangement shields the polar regions of the flavonoid, creating a lipid-compatible complex that integrates smoothly into the intestinal mucosa.

Pharmacokinetic Parameter	Unformulated Quercetin (500 mg)	Quercetin Phytosome (500 mg)	Clinical Significance
Peak Plasma Concentration (C_max)	10.93 +- 2.22 ng/mL [cite: 36]	223.10 +- 16.32 ng/mL [cite: 36]	Approximately 20-fold higher peak circulating concentration.
Area Under the Curve (AUC_last)	4,774.93 +- 1,190.61 min . ng/mL [cite: 36]	96,163.87 +- 9,291.31 min . ng/mL [cite: 36]	Roughly 20-fold increase in total systemic biological exposure.
Time to Peak Concentration (T_max)	290.00 +- 31.19 min [cite: 36]	202.50 +- 35.97 min [cite: 36]	Faster intestinal absorption and systemic distribution.
Formulation Matrix	Crystalline aglycone; high luminal aggregation.	Phospholipid complex; enhanced membrane transit.	Direct cellular entry via physiological lipid pathways.

Human pharmacokinetic trials demonstrate that quercetin phytosomes achieve up to 20-fold greater oral bioavailability compared to standard unformulated quercetin extracts. For standard, non-phytosome quercetin preparations, co-ingestion with dietary lipids provides an alternative method to enhance absorption. Ingesting fats stimulates the release of cholecystokinin, triggering biliary secretion and the formation of mixed micelles in the small intestine. These micelles solubilize hydrophobic quercetin molecules, facilitating their diffusion across the unstirred water layer of the enterocyte brush border.

The Importance of Methylation in Healthy Aging

Vitamin B-Complex and Choline as Essential Methyl Donors

Methylation is an essential biochemical process occurring billions of times each second across all human tissues. It involves the transfer of a single-carbon unit - a methyl group consisting of one carbon atom bound to three hydrogen atoms - (CH3) - from a donor molecule to diverse recipients, including DNA, RNA, structural proteins, neurotransmitters, and membrane phospholipids. This transfer of one-carbon units is coordinated by the methionine-homocysteine cycle, which sustains genetic stability, detoxification pathways, and cellular repair.

At the center of this pathway sits S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the universal methyl donor in human biology. When a methyltransferase enzyme transfers a methyl group from SAM to an acceptor molecule, SAM is converted into S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). SAH functions as a potent competitive inhibitor of intracellular methyltransferases. To maintain functional methylation, SAH is rapidly hydrolyzed into homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid that must be remethylated or cleared through transsulfuration.

Homocysteine clearance proceeds through two distinct remethylation pathways. The primary route operates across most tissues via the enzyme methionine synthase, which requires vitamin B12 in its active methylcobalamin form. Methionine synthase transfers a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF, the active form of folate) to homocysteine, regenerating methionine. The ongoing production of 5-MTHF depends on the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which utilizes riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a cofactor.

Alternatively, excess homocysteine can be routed into the transsulfuration pathway by vitamin B6 (as pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) to synthesize cystathionine, cysteine, and ultimately the antioxidant glutathione.

A secondary remethylation pathway, active predominantly in hepatic and renal tissues, bypasses folate entirely. In this route, dietary choline is oxidized to betaine (trimethylglycine or TMG). The enzyme betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) then transfers a methyl group from betaine directly to homocysteine, yielding methionine and dimethylglycine.

When dietary intake of active B-vitamins or choline is insufficient, or when genetic variations like MTHFR polymorphisms reduce pathway flux, the methylation cycle slows. Homocysteine accumulates in circulation, promoting vascular and neurological inflammation, while SAM reserves decline, restricting cellular methylation capacity.

Understanding DNA Methylation and Epigenetic Health

Every somatic cell in an organism carries an identical genetic code. Cellular differentiation and tissue-specific functions are governed by the epigenome: a regulatory layer of chemical modifications that dictates gene expression without altering underlying DNA sequences. DNA methylation represents the primary and most stable epigenetic modification. In this process, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes utilize methyl groups donated by SAM to add a methyl tag to cytosine bases adjacent to guanine residues, forming 5-methylcytosine within CpG dinucleotide sites.

Under physiological conditions, DNA methylation maintains genomic stability and coordinates transcription. Methylation of promoter regions condenses chromatin, repressing transposable elements and silencing genes inappropriate for a given cell type. Conversely, hypomethylated promoters maintain an open chromatin state, allowing transcription factors to bind and initiate gene expression.

During biological aging, this epigenetic landscape undergoes progressive dysregulation, a phenomenon termed "epigenetic drift". Aging cells experience global hypomethylation alongside focal hypermethylation of specific gene promoters. Global loss of methyl tags destabilizes the genome, activating retrotransposons and pro-inflammatory pathways. Simultaneously, hypermethylation at targeted promoter sites silences critical tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair complexes.

This systematic change in DNA methylation patterns is consistent across populations, allowing researchers to develop molecular "epigenetic clocks". Algorithms such as the Horvath clock, PhenoAge, and GrimAge quantify biological age by profiling the methylation status of specific CpG sites across the genome. These clocks assess whether individuals are aging faster or slower than their chronological years. Ensuring a steady supply of methyl donors and preventing unnecessary SAM depletion supports DNMT activity, maintaining epigenetic patterns and genomic stability.

How the Methylation Cycle Impacts Energy and Cognitive Focus

Beyond long-term epigenetic regulation, the methylation cycle directly modulates immediate biochemical processes that govern daily energy, neurotransmission, and cognitive focus. Compromised methylation capacity frequently manifests as cognitive slowing, executive fatigue, and reduced physical stamina.

A major consumer of methyl reserves is the endogenous synthesis of creatine. Approximately 40% of all SAM-derived methyl groups in the human body are utilized by guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) in the liver to synthesize creatine. Creatine then translocates to the brain and skeletal muscle, where it is phosphorylated into phosphocreatine.

Phosphocreatine functions as a rapid energy buffer, donating a high-energy phosphate group to regenerate ADP into ATP in milliseconds during demanding physical or cognitive tasks. When methyl donor availability falls, endogenous creatine synthesis drops, depleting phosphocreatine reserves and increasing susceptibility to neuromuscular and cognitive fatigue.

Methylation is equally central to central nervous system architecture. SAM provides methyl groups to convert phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine, the predominant phospholipid comprising neuronal cell membranes and the myelin sheaths that insulate axons. Intact myelin preserves rapid action potential conduction throughout the nervous system.

Furthermore, free choline derived from this pathway is the direct precursor to acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter required for attention, working memory, and learning.

The methylation cycle also governs monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism. SAM is required for the synthesis of adrenaline (epinephrine) from noradrenaline, while catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) relies on SAM to degrade dopamine and norepinephrine within the prefrontal cortex. Sluggish methylation disrupts this balance, contributing to cognitive fatigue, mood variability, and impaired mental performance.

Building a Comprehensive Longevity Protocol

Synergizing NR, Quercetin, and Methylated B-Vitamins

Longevity supplementation often falters when single molecules are administered in isolation, ignoring interconnected metabolic pathways. Designing an effective cellular longevity protocol requires combining complementary mechanisms that reinforce one another while preventing secondary metabolic deficits. The combination of Nicotinamide Riboside, Quercetin Phytosome, and Methylated B-Vitamins illustrates this multi-target synergy.

This synergy is grounded in the direct biochemical intersection between the NAD+ salvage pathway and the methylation cycle. When high-dose NR is supplemented to boost systemic NAD+, sirtuins and PARP enzymes consume the newly synthesized cofactor, generating substantial quantities of free nicotinamide (NAM). This intracellular nicotinamide faces two primary metabolic fates: it can be recycled back into NAD+ through the NAMPT-dependent salvage loop, or it can be cleared via methylation.

When the influx of nicotinamide exceeds salvage recycling capacity, the excess is cleared to avoid feedback inhibition of sirtuin enzymes. To accomplish this, the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) transfers a methyl group from SAM directly onto nicotinamide, forming 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA/MNAM), which is subsequently excreted in urine.

Prolonged, high-dose precursor administration without nutritional methyl support can elevate NNMT flux, depleting intracellular SAM reserves. As methyl groups are consumed clearing nicotinamide, the cellular SAM-to-SAH ratio falls, which can elevate circulating homocysteine and reduce methyl availability for DNA methylation and neurotransmitter synthesis.

Co-administering a fully methylated B-complex alongside choline or betaine addresses this potential bottleneck. Providing active methyl donors (such as 5-MTHF, methylcobalamin, and betaine) maintains the one-carbon donor pool. Even during increased NNMT activity, SAM pools remain stable, protecting DNA methylation fidelity and maintaining homocysteine within safe parameters.

Quercetin reinforces this protocol through complementary mechanisms. By clearing senescent cells and reducing SASP-mediated inflammation, quercetin downregulates CD38, the primary enzyme responsible for age-related NAD+ degradation. Suppressing CD38 prevents unnecessary breakdown of newly synthesized NAD+, enhancing the efficiency of NR supplementation.

Furthermore, while NR provides the NAD+ necessary to activate SIRT1-driven mitochondrial biogenesis, quercetin concurrently modulates mTORC1 to stimulate autophagy. This coordinated action ensures that newly generated mitochondria operate in an environment cleared of proteotoxic cellular debris.

The Crucial Role of Magnesium Glycinate and Zinc in Cellular Function

Longevity protocols require essential mineral cofactors to function efficiently. Without adequate divalent minerals acting as enzymatic cofactors and structural stabilizers, metabolic longevity pathways cannot operate at full capacity. Among these, magnesium and zinc are required for cellular repair, genomic stability, and energy production.

Magnesium serves as an obligatory cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions, primarily through its interaction with ATP. In biological systems, ATP exists predominantly as a chelate with a divalent magnesium ion, forming biologically active Mg2+ -ATP.

Every enzymatic reaction that synthesizes, transfers, or consumes cellular energy - including the enzymes of the NAD+ salvage pathway (NRK and NMNAT) and DNA polymerases - strictly requires Mg2+ -ATP as its substrate. Magnesium deficiency impairs these phosphorylation reactions, reducing the cellular utilization of NAD+ precursors.

Additionally, magnesium is an essential cofactor for the enzymes that activate dietary B-vitamins into their active forms. Supplying magnesium as magnesium glycinate provides high gastrointestinal bioavailability, minimal laxative effect, and yields glycine to support inhibitory neurotransmission and restful sleep.

Zinc serves as a vital structural component for more than 3,000 human transcription factors and enzymatic proteins. Its most prominent structural role in longevity occurs within zinc-finger motifs. These are specialized protein conformations stabilized by a zinc ion coordinated to cysteine and histidine residues.

The DNA damage sensor PARP-1 utilizes three zinc-finger domains to identify, track, and physically bind to single- and double-strand DNA breaks. Without adequate intracellular zinc, PARP-1 cannot properly assemble or dock onto damaged chromosomes, impairing DNA repair and increasing genomic instability.

Zinc is also an obligatory structural component of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD or SOD1), the primary cytosolic antioxidant enzyme that dismutates superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide, protecting mitochondrial membranes and nuclear DNA from premature senescence.

Integrating Prebiotics (like Acacia and Inulin) for Gut-Derived Longevity Markers

A comprehensive cellular longevity framework must extend beyond somatic tissues to encompass the gut microbiome. The intestinal microbiome functions as a central regulator of systemic inflammatory tone, immune development, and metabolic signaling. Age-associated dysbiosis - characterized by the loss of beneficial commensals and an overgrowth of pathobionts - frequently leads to breakdown of the intestinal barrier.

The gut epithelium consists of a single-cell monolayer sealed by tight junction proteins, including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudins. When this physical barrier is disrupted by poor dietary fiber intake or dysbiosis, gut permeability increases.

This allows lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, to enter the portal and systemic circulation. The resulting "metabolic endotoxemia" activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on immune cells, inducing NF-kB and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This persistent gut-derived inflammation exacerbates the SASP, accelerates tissue senescence, upregulates CD38, and drains systemic NAD+ reserves.

Prebiotic Soluble Fiber	Fermentation Kinetics	Primary Physiological Benefits
Acacia Fiber (Gum Arabic)	Slow, uniform fermentation throughout the distal colon.	High digestive tolerance without sudden gas; sustained distal SCFA generation.
Inulin (Fructo-oligosaccharides)	Rapid, targeted bifidogenic fermentation.	Promotes Bifidobacteria; upregulates tight junctions; reduces LPS translocation.

Supplying non-digestible prebiotic soluble fibers, such as acacia fiber and inulin, directly targets this inflammatory cascade. Acacia and inulin resist enzymatic hydrolysis in the upper gastrointestinal tract, reaching the colon intact to nourish beneficial commensal microbes, particularly Bifidobacterium species and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Through saccharolytic fermentation, these bacteria convert prebiotic fibers into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): acetate, propionate, and butyrate.

These short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate, exert direct protective effects on systemic longevity. Butyrate provides the primary metabolic fuel for colonic epithelial cells, supplying more than 70% of their baseline energy needs and supporting mitochondrial function within colonocytes.

Furthermore, SCFAs upregulate the expression of epithelial tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1), restoring intestinal barrier integrity and preventing the translocation of inflammatory LPS into systemic circulation.

Systemically absorbed butyrate also functions as an endogenous histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suppressing pro-inflammatory gene expression and supporting regulatory T cell (T_reg) development. Reducing metabolic endotoxemia dampens systemic inflammation, protecting vascular function and preventing premature NAD+ depletion.

Conclusion: The Integrated Cellular Longevity Matrix

Cellular longevity is achieved not by addressing isolated biomarkers in isolation, but by systematically supporting interconnected biological pathways. As bioenergetic capacity declines, cellular senescence accelerates, epigenetic patterns degrade, and gut barrier integrity weakens. A comprehensive approach addresses these biological vulnerabilities simultaneously.

Protocol Component	Primary Biological Target	Primary Biochemical Mechanism	Coordinated Longevity Outcome
Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)	NAD+ Salvage Pathway	Phosphorylated by NRK1/2 to bypass rate-limiting NAMPT.	Restores mitochondrial ATP, activates SIRT1/3, fuels PARP-1 DNA repair.
Quercetin (Phytosome Form)	Senescent Cells & mTORC1	Disrupts anti-apoptotic SCAP networks and suppresses PI3K/Akt/mTOR.	Clears zombie cells, blunts toxic SASP, and triggers autophagic cleanup.
Methylated B-Complex & Choline/TMG	One-Carbon Methylation Cycle	Supplies methyl groups to regenerate SAM and clear homocysteine.	Offsets NNMT clearance demands, protects DNA methylation, and fuels creatine.
Magnesium Glycinate & Zinc	Enzymatic Cofactors & DNA Binding	Forms active Mg2+ -ATP; stabilizes zinc-finger repair motifs.	Ensures optimal ATP function, powers salvage kinases, supports PARP-1 docking.
Prebiotic Fibers (Acacia & Inulin)	Gut Microbiome & Intestinal Wall	Fermented into SCFAs (butyrate) via beneficial commensals.	Seals intestinal tight junctions, halts LPS endotoxemia, lowers inflammaging.

Integrating these interventions creates clear biological synergy. Nicotinamide Riboside raises intracellular NAD+, providing the substrate for sirtuin-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and PARP-1-mediated DNA repair.

Quercetin Phytosome clears senescent cells and modulates mTORC1, stimulating autophagy while dampening the inflammatory SASP cascade that accelerates CD38-mediated NAD+ destruction.

Methylated B-vitamins, active folate, and choline replenish SAM reserves, balancing the methyl requirements of NNMT-mediated nicotinamide clearance, preserving epigenetic DNA methylation, and maintaining neurotransmitter production.

Magnesium glycinate and zinc provide the structural and catalytic foundation required for ATP utilization, B-vitamin activation, and PARP-1 zinc-finger DNA repair docking.

Finally, prebiotic fibers generate short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, reinforcing the intestinal barrier and preventing metabolic endotoxemia from fueling systemic inflammation.

By coordinating energy replenishment, cellular waste clearance, epigenetic maintenance, and the suppression of systemic inflammation, this unified approach directly addresses the underlying drivers of cellular aging to support long-term physiological vitality.

--
Content Put together by Darrell Miller CEO of VitaNet LLC

(https://vitanetonline.com:443/forums/Index.cfm?CFApp=1&Message_ID=6650)

Does Methylation Effect Active Vitamin D3 Levels in the body?

Date: July 08, 2026 12:43 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Does Methylation Effect Active Vitamin D3 Levels in the body?

Does Methylation Effect Active Vitamin D3 Levels in the body?

Yes, methylation directly and significantly impacts how efficiently your body converts Vitamin D3 into its active, usable form. This relationship operates on two distinct levels: epigenetic DNA methylation (which acts as a volume knob for the conversion enzymes) and the cellular methylation cycle (which shares a profound reciprocal feedback loop with active Vitamin D).

To see exactly where methylation interferes, it helps to look at the standard two-step activation pathway:

In the Liver: Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is converted into 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D, or calcidiol] primarily by the enzyme CYP2R1. This is what is measured on standard blood tests.
In the Kidneys & Tissues: Calcidiol is converted into the biologically active steroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D, or calcitriol] by the enzyme CYP27B1.

1. DNA Methylation (The Epigenetic "Dimmer Switch")

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism where methyl groups are attached to a gene's promoter region, typically silencing or "turning down" its expression.

The "Non-Responder" Phenomenon: Clinical data shows that baseline DNA methylation levels at the promoter regions of the CYP2R1 gene heavily dictate how an individual responds to Vitamin D supplementation.
Enzyme Suppression: If the promoter region of your CYP2R1 gene is hypermethylated (over-methylated), the gene is partially silenced. Your liver produces fewer 25-hydroxylase enzymes, making it highly inefficient at converting raw D3 into circulating 25(OH)D.
The Data: In clinical trials comparing Vitamin D "responders" to "non-responders," responders had significantly lower baseline DNA methylation at the CYP2R1 promoter (around 8%), allowing for robust enzyme production. Non-responders had high baseline methylation (around 30%), severely blunting their body's ability to utilize oral D3.
Deactivation Control: Methylation also regulates CYP24A1, the enzyme responsible for degrading and clearing active Vitamin D to prevent toxicity. Altered methylation here can cause the body to burn through active Vitamin D too quickly.

2. The Systemic Methylation Cycle Feedback Loop

While S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is not a direct chemical cofactor required for the hydroxylation reactions themselves (which rely on NADPH and the cytochrome P450 enzyme network), the systemic methylation cycle and Vitamin D share a massive reciprocal cross-talk mechanism.

Upregulating the Cycle via VDR: Once Vitamin D is successfully activated into calcitriol, it binds to the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). This activated VDR complex directly upregulates the expression of the BHMT (Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase) gene.
Protecting the SAMe Pool: BHMT is a crucial enzyme in the liver and kidneys that converts homocysteine back into methionine via an alternative pathway. Methionine is the direct precursor required to generate SAMe, your universal methyl donor.

The Biochemical Loop: If Vitamin D conversion is poor due to epigenetic silencing or genetic SNPs, VDR activation drops. This reduces BHMT expression, which can cause homocysteine to rise and place a heavy burden on the hepatic methylation cycle. Conversely, a highly compromised cellular methylation cycle alters the behavior of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which can lead to aberrant hypermethylation of the very CYP enzymes needed to activate Vitamin D in the first place.

The Vitamin D "Non-Responder": Is Your DNA Dimming Your Supplement’s Power?

Yes, higher active Vitamin D3 levels consistently cause homocysteine levels to drop.

Large-scale observational studies and gold-standard randomized controlled trials (RCTs) confirm a distinct, inverse relationship: as your Vitamin D status optimizes, circulating total homocysteine decreases. When active D3 binds to the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), it triggers specific genetic and cellular actions that clear homocysteine through multiple pathways.

The Biological Mechanisms

Active Vitamin D doesn’t just lower homocysteine through one pathway; it exerts a multi-pronged push to keep the toxic amino acid from accumulating.

1. Upregulation of Methionine Synthase (MTR)

While active D3 supports the alternative BHMT (betaine) pathway, recent molecular research highlights an even more direct impact on the primary, folate-dependent remethylation loop.

The active Vitamin D/VDR complex activates Nrf2 (a master antioxidant and cellular defense transcription factor).
This Nrf2 activation directly binds to and upregulates the promoter region of the MTR gene (Methionine Synthase).
More MTR enzymes mean your cells can rapidly pull homocysteine out of circulation and convert it back into methionine using 5-MTHF and Vitamin B12.

2. Safeguarding Enzyme Function via Oxidative Stress Reduction

The primary enzyme responsible for clearing homocysteine, Methionine Synthase, is incredibly sensitive to oxidative stress. Under high inflammation or oxidative conditions, the cobalt atom at the heart of its B12 cofactor becomes oxidized, completely disabling the enzyme and causing a major homocysteine backup.

Active D3 acts as a potent systemic anti-inflammatory.
Clinical trials show that when Vitamin D drops markers like C-Reactive Protein (CRP), it lowers cellular oxidative stress.
This environment keeps your existing MTR and MTRR (Methionine Synthase Reductase) enzymes fully active and running smoothly.

3. Preserving Liver and Kidney Function

The alternative remethylation pathway, BHMT, operates almost exclusively in the liver and kidneys. If these organs experience structural or metabolic strain, their capacity to process homocysteine drops drastically. Active Vitamin D protects hepatic and renal tissue architecture, ensuring the local cellular machinery required for the betaine-homocysteine conversion remains functional.

What the Clinical Trials Show

In human trials, the drop isn't just theoretical - it's highly measurable.

The Clinical Evidence: In double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, individuals with low baseline Vitamin D and elevated homocysteine were given high-dose Vitamin D3 (e.g., 50,000 IU weekly) over a two-month period. The treatment groups consistently showed statistically significant drops in total serum homocysteine, alongside reductions in body mass index (BMI) and systemic inflammatory markers, while the placebo groups saw no change.

If someone is dealing with stubborn hyperhomocysteinemia (elevated homocysteine) and pushing hard on methylated B-vitamins (like methylfolate and TMG/betaine) without seeing their numbers budge, a hidden Vitamin D deficiency or a high-methylation genetic barrier at the CYP2R1 liver enzyme is very frequently the missing link.

Summary:

The relationship between Vitamin D3 activation and the body's biochemical pathways operates as a highly coordinated, reciprocal feedback loop. On an epigenetic level, DNA methylation acts like a cellular dimmer switch for the liver enzyme CYP2R1, which is responsible for converting raw D3 into its circulating form. When the promoter region of this gene is heavily methylated, enzyme production is suppressed, explaining why some individuals act as clinical "non-responders" who struggle to raise their blood levels even with high-dose supplementation. Once Vitamin D is successfully activated, however, it turns around and directly reinforces the systemic methylation cycle by binding to the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and upregulating the BHMT gene, which is vital for maintaining the body's universal methyl donor (SAMe) pool.

Conversely, maintaining robust levels of active Vitamin D3 plays a direct, clinically proven role in forcing circulating homocysteine levels to drop. When active D3 binds to its receptor, it triggers a multi-pronged clearance strategy by activating the Nrf2 cellular defense pathway, which upregulates Methionine Synthase (MTR) - the primary enzyme that converts toxic homocysteine back into harmless methionine. Furthermore, by acting as a powerful systemic anti-inflammatory, active Vitamin D lowers the oxidative stress that would otherwise oxidize and disable the delicate B12 cofactors inside these clearance enzymes. This dual action of increasing enzyme production while shielding existing enzymes from environmental damage explains why clinical trials consistently show significant reductions in serum homocysteine when Vitamin D status is optimized.

(https://vitanetonline.com:443/forums/Index.cfm?CFApp=1&Message_ID=6644)

The 5,000 mg Potassium Target: Why You Don't Need a Low-Sodium Diet

Date: June 19, 2026 12:22 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: The 5,000 mg Potassium Target: Why You Don't Need a Low-Sodium Diet

Potassium is far more than just a standard mineral - it is a heavy-hitting essential electrolyte that serves as the primary chemical counterweight to sodium. While sodium grabs most of the headlines for bloating and high blood pressure, potassium is the quiet regulator working behind the scenes to maintain cellular health, fluid dynamics, and vascular tone.

Here is exactly how it manages your water balance and keeps cardiovascular pressure in check.

1. Restoring Cellular Water Balance

To understand fluid balance, you have to look at where water lives in the body. Sodium dominates the fluid outside your cells (extracellular), while potassium is the absolute ruler of the fluid inside your cells (intracellular).

They control fluid movement via a cellular mechanism called the sodium-potassium pump.

This microscopic pump works continuously to push sodium out of your cells and pull potassium in.

When potassium is optimal: Water is drawn naturally into the intracellular space, keeping your muscles and organs properly hydrated and full.
When potassium drops: The pump struggles. Excess sodium accumulates inside the cells, dragging water along with it. This disruption can trigger cellular swelling and fluid retention - often showing up as that soft, subcutaneous "holding water" look.

Getting enough potassium effectively resets this pump, flushing excess extracellular water out and pulling hydration back where it belongs.

2. Lowering Blood Pressure: The Dual Mechanism

When your sodium-to-potassium ratio gets skewed in favor of sodium, your blood pressure inevitably creeps up. Potassium actively forces blood pressure down through two primary physiological pathways:

Kidneys and Sodium Clearance

Your kidneys are responsible for filtering your blood and managing fluid volume. High sodium levels signal the body to hold onto water, which increases overall blood volume. Think of it like turning up the water pressure in a garden hose - more fluid equals higher pressure on the arterial walls.

Potassium acts as a natural diuretic. When you consume enough of it, the kidneys are signaled to excrete excess sodium through your urine. As sodium leaves the building, it takes that excess water volume with it, dropping the pressure inside your cardiovascular system.

Vascular Relaxation (Vasodilation)

Beyond just managing fluid volume, potassium has a direct, relaxing effect on the physical structure of your blood vessels. High sodium and low potassium can cause blood vessel walls to become stiff and constricted.

Potassium relaxes the smooth muscle cells lining your arteries. This widening of the blood vessels - known as vasodilation - instantly reduces resistance to blood flow, allowing your heart to pump more efficiently with less strain.

The Ratio Advantage: Clinical research consistently shows that focusing on the ratio of sodium to potassium is often more impactful for blood pressure management than simply cutting out salt entirely. For optimal cardiovascular and metabolic function, aiming for a 2:1 intake of potassium to sodium is an ideal target.

Vascular Health Beyond Low-Salt: How Potassium Relaxes Arteries and Keeps Muscles Full

For decades, the standard advice for managing fluid retention and high blood pressure has been a blanket directive: cut the salt. But treating sodium like a dietary villain ignores a fundamental biological truth - sodium is an essential electrolyte required for nerve transmission, muscle function, and blood volume regulation.

Aggressively slashing salt is a blunt instrument that often creates new physiological imbalances. The real key to vascular health and crisp fluid dynamics isn't absolute sodium deprivation; it is maintaining a high potassium intake - up to 5,000 mg daily - to allow your body to balance salt levels naturally.

The Hidden Risks of Aggressive Salt Restriction

When you drastically cut sodium, your body doesn't just quietly lower your blood pressure. It views the sudden drop in a critical electrolyte as a survival emergency and activates the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS).

Hormonal Cascade: Your kidneys release the enzyme renin, which triggers a cascade of hormones (angiotensin and aldosterone) that tell your body to aggressively hold onto whatever sodium and water it can find.
Vascular Constriction: This hormonal surge can actually cause blood vessels to constrict, occasionally backfiring and keeping blood pressure elevated despite a low-salt diet.
Metabolic Drag: Severe, prolonged sodium restriction has been linked in clinical studies to increased sympathetic nervous system activity, elevated stress hormones (like adrenaline), and a paradoxical increase in insulin resistance.

You need sodium to live, to perform, and to keep your muscles functioning. Eliminating it completely starves the cellular pump of half its fuel.

Why 5,000 mg of Potassium is the Real Solution

Instead of forcing your body into a low-sodium starvation state, a more effective approach is to supply it with the optimal amount of its natural physiological counterweight: potassium. Aiming for a robust target of 4,700 to 5,000 mg of potassium daily changes how your system processes salt.

The Kidney's Sluice Gate: High potassium intake signals the kidneys to stop hoarding fluid. When potassium levels are abundant, the kidneys naturally dump excess sodium into the urine. As that extra sodium leaves, it carries the bloated, extracellular water weight out with it, lowering blood volume and easing arterial pressure.
Blunting the Salt Sensitivity: Many people aren't inherently "salt-sensitive"; they are simply severely potassium-deficient. When daily potassium hits that 5,000 mg threshold, it blunts the blood-pressure-raising effects of dietary sodium, allowing you to enjoy salt without the negative vascular side effects.
Maintaining Cellular Voltage: Sodium and potassium work in tandem to maintain the electrical membrane potential of your cells. Keeping sodium intake stable while driving potassium up ensures your muscles stay hydrated, full, and electrically active, rather than flat and prone to cramping.

The Cooperative Electrolyte Relationship

Sodium and potassium should never be viewed as enemies; they are partners that require a specific ratio to optimize human physiology.

Electrolyte	Primary Location	Main Operational Role	Effect of Optimal Levels
Sodium	Outside the cell (Extracellular)	Maintains blood volume, drives nutrient transport into cells, regulates nerve impulses.	Stable blood pressure, strong muscle contraction, proper hydration.
Potassium	Inside the cell (Intracellular)	Relaxes blood vessel walls, pumps fluid back into cells, drives out excess sodium.	Reduced vascular resistance, elimination of subcutaneous bloating.

The Modern Imbalance: The ancestral human diet naturally provided roughly 4 times more potassium than sodium. The modern diet has completely inverted this, delivering massive amounts of processed sodium and almost zero potassium. Reclaiming that ratio by hitting up to 5,000 mg of potassium from whole foods allows your body to find its natural equilibrium, protecting your heart while maintaining peak physical performance.

Aggressive dietary salt restriction often backfires because sodium is an essential electrolyte required for nerve transmission and fluid regulation; cutting it too drastically triggers a survival response that constricts blood vessels and hoards water. Fluid balance is ultimately determined by the relationship between sodium outside the cells and potassium inside them, a delicate equilibrium managed by the cellular sodium-potassium pump. When this ratio is skewed by a lack of dietary potassium, cells lose their optimal hydration, causing extracellular fluid retention and the soft, bloated look of subcutaneous water weight.

Rather than starving the body of salt, driving daily potassium intake up to 5,000 mg fixes this modern imbalance and naturally eases blood pressure through a dual mechanism. This high intake acts as a natural diuretic, signaling the kidneys to flush out excess sodium along with the excess blood volume that strains arterial walls. Simultaneously, potassium promotes vasodilation by relaxing the smooth muscle lining of the blood vessels, reducing vascular resistance and allowing the heart to pump efficiently while keeping muscles full, hydrated, and performing at their peak.

(https://vitanetonline.com:443/forums/Index.cfm?CFApp=1&Message_ID=6642)

SCFAs Improve Mitochondria Function Throughout The Body

Date: December 05, 2025 04:06 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: SCFAs Improve Mitochondria Function Throughout The Body

Yes, Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) generally improve mitochondrial function throughout the body. While they are produced in the gut, they enter circulation and act as "signal boosters" for mitochondria in distant organs like the brain, liver, and muscles.

Quick Summary: How SCFAs Help Mitochondria

Fuel Source: They can directly enter the Krebs cycle (the engine inside mitochondria) to produce ATP energy.
Biogenesis: They trigger the creation of new mitochondria (a process called biogenesis) by activating a master regulator gene called PGC-1a.
Stress Shield: They reduce oxidative stress, protecting mitochondria from damage.

Specific Benefits by Body Part

1. Skeletal Muscle (Energy & Endurance)

What happens: Muscles are the largest consumer of energy in the body. SCFAs (especially butyrate and acetate) activate the AMPK pathway - a fuel gauge that tells muscle cells to burn fat and sugar more efficiently.
Result: This leads to increased mitochondrial density (more mitochondria per cell) and better oxidative metabolism, which improves muscle endurance and insulin sensitivity.

2. Liver (Detox & Metabolism)

What happens: The liver is the first stop for SCFAs after they leave the gut. Propionate and butyrate have been shown to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction caused by high-fat diets or toxins.
Result: They lower oxidative stress (ROS) and prevent hepatocyte apoptosis (liver cell death), helping to protect against fatty liver disease.

3. Brain (Neuroprotection)

What happens: SCFAs can cross the blood-brain barrier. Once there, they support the mitochondria of microglia (the brain's immune cells).
Result: By keeping microglial mitochondria healthy, SCFAs help prevent neuroinflammation. They also protect the blood-brain barrier's endothelial cells from mitochondrial damage, which preserves cognitive health.

4. Brown Adipose Tissue (Fat Burning)

What happens: Unlike "white fat" which stores energy, brown fat burns it. SCFAs (particularly acetate) stimulate UCP1, a protein in brown fat mitochondria that turns calories directly into heat (thermogenesis).
Result: This increases whole-body energy expenditure and helps regulate body weight.

Key Mechanisms

Epigenetic Regulation (HDAC Inhibition): SCFAs (mainly butyrate) inhibit enzymes called HDACs. This "unlocks" DNA, allowing cells to read the instructions for building more mitochondria.
Receptor Signaling (GPCRs): SCFAs bind to specific receptors (FFAR2/FFAR3) on the surface of cells, sending a chemical text message that tells the cell to ramp up energy production.

Does boosting Mitochondria boost overall body energy production and help people feel better?

Yes, absolutely. Boosting mitochondrial function is one of the most effective ways to increase overall body energy and improve subjective well-being.

Since mitochondria produce about 90% of the energy (ATP) your body uses, improving their function is like upgrading the engine in a car: you get more power, better fuel efficiency, and a smoother ride.

Here is the breakdown of how boosting mitochondria translates to "feeling better" physically and mentally.

1. The Physical Energy Boost (ATP Production)

When you improve mitochondrial density (the number of mitochondria) and efficiency (how well they work), you directly increase your "energy budget."

Less Fatigue: Dysfunctional mitochondria are a primary cause of fatigue. When they are "boosted," your cells can generate ATP faster than you burn it. This prevents that "heavy" feeling in your limbs and the mid-afternoon crash.
Higher Stamina: With more healthy mitochondria, your muscles can rely on fat for fuel (oxidative phosphorylation) for longer periods before switching to sugar (glycolysis), which produces lactic acid and causes burnout. This means you can walk, work, or exercise longer without getting tired.

2. The Mental & Mood Boost (Neurotransmitters)

The brain consumes 20% of your body’s energy despite being only 2% of your weight. It is incredibly sensitive to mitochondrial health.

"Brain Fog" Clearance: When brain neurons don't get enough ATP, they fire more slowly, leading to brain fog and poor focus. Boosting mitochondria sharpens cognition and memory.
Mood Regulation: Mitochondria are required to synthesize key neurotransmitters like serotonin (happiness) and dopamine (motivation).
Research links mitochondrial dysfunction to anxiety and depression; conversely, fixing mitochondrial health often stabilizes mood.
Resilience to Stress: Healthy mitochondria help buffer calcium and regulate cortisol. When they are functioning well, you are physically better at handling stress without feeling "burnt out."

3. How to "Boost" Them (Actionable Science)

You can stimulate Mitochondrial Biogenesis (growing new mitochondria) through specific signals:

Signal	Mechanism
Zone 2 Cardio	Long, slow exercise (where you can still hold a conversation) forces cells to build more mitochondria to burn fat efficiently.
HIIT	Short bursts of high intensity signal the body that it needs rapid energy, triggering the PGC-1a gene to build new mitochondria.
Cold Exposure	Brief exposure to cold (like a cold shower) stimulates "brown fat" mitochondria to generate heat, ramping up their activity.
Nutrients	CoQ10, PQQ, Magnesium, and B-Vitamins are essential co-factors. Without them, the mitochondrial machinery stalls.

Connection to your previous question

This connects directly to the SCFAs we discussed. When your gut produces SCFAs (like butyrate), they travel to your brain and muscles and literally feed these mitochondria, helping them produce this energy.

Which specific supplements (like PQQ or CoQ10) have the strongest clinical evidence for triggering mitochondrial biogenesis?

This is an exciting area of research because we now have human clinical trials showing we can actually "grow" new mitochondria (biogenesis) and clean out old ones (mitophagy) using specific compounds.

Here are the top supplements with the strongest evidence for mitochondrial health, categorized by how they work.

1. The "Biogenesis" Trigger: PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)

PQQ is currently the gold standard for generating new mitochondria.

The Evidence: Research indicates PQQ is up to 5,000 times more efficient at sustaining mitochondrial energy production than Vitamin C. A key study found that men taking 20mg of PQQ daily saw significant improvements in mitochondrial function and decreased inflammation (CRP) after just 6 weeks.
Mechanism: It activates PGC-1a, the "master switch" gene that tells your cells to build more mitochondria from scratch.
Best For: Long-term energy building and cognitive protection (preventing "brain fog").

2. The "Quality Control" Agent: Urolithin A

While PQQ builds new engines, Urolithin A recycles the old, broken ones.

The Evidence: Clinical trials (published in JAMA Network Open) have shown that Urolithin A supplementation significantly improved muscle endurance in older adults by improving mitochondrial health.
Mechanism: It triggers Mitophagy. Over time, mitochondria get damaged and leak toxic byproducts. Urolithin A flags these broken mitochondria for destruction and recycling, ensuring only the healthy ones remain.
Best For: Muscle endurance and healthy aging (slowing physical decline).

3. The "Fuel" Supplier: CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10)

CoQ10 doesn't necessarily build new mitochondria, but the ones you have literally cannot work without it.

The Evidence: Extensive clinical trials, particularly in heart failure patients, show that CoQ10 improves the ejection fraction of the heart (a high-energy organ) by improving mitochondrial efficiency.
Mechanism: It acts as an electron carrier in the Electron Transport Chain (the assembly line inside the mitochondria that makes ATP). Without enough CoQ10, the assembly line jams, and energy production stops.
Synergy Note: PQQ + CoQ10 is a famous "stack." PQQ builds more mitochondria, and CoQ10 ensures they have the fuel to run.
Best For: Immediate physical energy, heart health, and recovery from exercise.

4. The "Signal" Booster: Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)

This is a form of Vitamin B3 that boosts NAD+ levels.

The Evidence: A twin study showed that NR supplementation increased mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle tissue and improved gut microbiota composition.
Mechanism: It raises levels of NAD+, a co-enzyme that activates Sirtuins. Sirtuins are proteins that protect DNA and regulate mitochondrial function, effectively "mimicking" the benefits of fasting or exercise.
Best For: Metabolic health and systemic cellular repair.

Summary Table: What should you take?

Supplement	Primary Goal	The "Action"
PQQ	Grow	Builds new mitochondria via PGC-1a gene.
Urolithin A	Clean	Recycles old/broken mitochondria (Mitophagy).
CoQ10	Fuel	Essential worker on the energy assembly line.
NR (NAD+)	Signal	Boosts the chemical signal (NAD+) needed for repair.

Summary

Optimizing mitochondrial health is a systemic strategy that links gut health to overall vitality, largely driven by Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, which act as both fuel and signaling agents to enhance energy production in the brain, muscles, and liver. By stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis (the creation of new energy factories via the PGC-1a gene) and fueling the Electron Transport Chain, SCFAs - along with targeted supplements like PQQ, CoQ10, and Urolithin A - directly increase ATP output while simultaneously clearing out damaged cells through mitophagy. This biological upgrade results in tangible benefits, including sustained physical endurance, sharper cognitive focus, and stabilized mood, effectively turning the body’s cells into more efficient engines that produce more power with less oxidative "exhaust."

(https://vitanetonline.com:443/forums/Index.cfm?CFApp=1&Message_ID=6630)

Can Akkermansia Muciniphila help the body fight leaky gut?

Date: November 05, 2025 11:58 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Can Akkermansia Muciniphila help the body fight leaky gut?

Yes, based on a significant body of research, Akkermansia muciniphila is strongly associated with helping the body combat "leaky gut" by strengthening the intestinal barrier.

"Leaky gut" is the common term for a medical condition known as increased intestinal permeability. This happens when the lining of your gut is damaged, allowing bacteria, toxins, and undigested food particles to "leak" from your intestines into your bloodstream, which can trigger inflammation and other health issues.

Akkermansia muciniphila (or A. muciniphila) is a beneficial bacterium that lives in the mucus layer of your intestines. It plays a direct and crucial role in keeping this gut barrier strong and healthy.

How Akkermansia Helps Fight Leaky Gut

Here are the primary ways A. muciniphila works to protect your gut lining:

Reinforces the Mucus Layer: This is its most unique function.
- A. muciniphila feeds on mucin, the main component of the gut's protective mucus layer.
- This "feeding" process acts as a signal, stimulating the specialized cells in your intestinal wall (goblet cells) to produce more mucin.
- This continuous turnover thickens and strengthens the mucus barrier, creating a more robust defense against harmful substances.
Strengthens "Tight Junctions":
- The cells of your intestinal lining are sealed together by proteins called "tight junctions." In a leaky gut, these junctions become loose.
- A. muciniphila has been shown to increase the expression of these tight junction proteins, helping to "seal the leaks" and keep the intestinal barrier intact.
Produces Beneficial Compounds:
- As A. muciniphila digests mucin, it produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate.
- These SCFAs serve as an energy source for other beneficial bacteria and for the cells lining your colon, helping to keep them healthy and functional.

The Bigger Picture

Research consistently shows that lower levels of A. muciniphila are linked to a weakened gut barrier and conditions associated with leaky gut, including:

Obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Metabolic syndrome

In contrast, healthy individuals tend to have higher levels of this specific bacterium. Therefore, maintaining a healthy population of Akkermansia muciniphila is considered a key factor in protecting against increased intestinal permeability and maintaining overall gut health.19

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The Benefits of Nitric Oxide: How L-Arginine and L-Citrulline Work Together

Date: December 01, 2022 01:50 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: The Benefits of Nitric Oxide: How L-Arginine and L-Citrulline Work Together

Did you know that two amino acids, L-Arginine and L-Citrulline, can work together in your body to boost nitric oxide levels? It's true! Let's explore how the two work in tandem to unlock the power of nitric oxide.

What is Nitric Oxide?

Nitric Oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in the human body that relaxes blood vessels and helps to regulate blood pressure. This molecule also plays a role in regulating muscle contractions, protecting against oxidative damage, and helping with wound healing. NO has also been studied for its potential ability to lower bad cholesterol levels and boost the immune system.

How do L-Arginine and L-Citrulline Work Together?

L-Arginine is an amino acid that your body can convert into NO. However, this conversion process can be inefficient due to the presence of enzymes that inhibit the production of NO from L-Arginine. This is where L-Citrulline comes in! By converting into L-Arginine, it helps increase levels of L-Arginine in your blood plasma which boosts overall NO levels this increase in L-Arginine forces those pesky enzymes to make more NO. This is why many people take supplements containing both ingredients as part of their daily health regimen.

Why Should I Take Nitric Oxide Supplements?

By increasing nitric oxide levels in your body you can enjoy a variety of benefits including improved cardiovascular health, better exercise performance, enhanced immune system function, healthier skin, and even improved cognitive functioning! In addition to taking supplements containing both amino acids mentioned above, eating a balanced diet filled with foods rich in antioxidants like fruits and vegetables will help keep nitric oxide levels up as well.

How to Use:

To experience the full potential of this supplement, one must take 1 - 2 capsules 3 times daily.

To maximize the potential benefits associated with increased nitric oxide production in your body it is important to ensure you are getting enough of both amino acids -L-Arginine and L-Citrulline - either through dietary sources or supplementation. By combining these two powerful ingredients you can unlock the power of NO for yourself and reap all the amazing benefits it provides! So if you're looking for a natural way to improve your overall health then consider adding these two amino acids into your daily routine today!

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Hyaluronic Acid - The Key to Joint Health?

Date: October 28, 2022 03:33 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Hyaluronic Acid - The Key to Joint Health?

Hyaluronic acid is a compound that is found in every tissue of the body. It is most concentrated in connective tissues, such as skin and cartilage. As a component of joint fluid, hyaluronic acid helps to lubricate the joints and resist compressive forces. Our formula combines this important substance with Vitamin D and other nutrients to support optimal joint health.

What is Hyaluronic Acid?

Hyaluronic acid is a compound that occurs naturally in the human body. It is present in every tissue, with the highest concentrations found in connective tissues such as skin and cartilage. This substance is believed to play an important role in joint health by providing lubrication and resisting compressive forces.

How Does Hyaluronic Acid Support Joint Health?

The joints are constantly subjected to stress from everyday activities such as walking, running, and lifting. This can lead to wear and tear on the cartilage that cushions the joints. Over time, this wear and tear can result in joint pain and stiffness.

Hyaluronic acid is thought to help protect the joints by providing lubrication and cushioning. This substance acts as a shock absorber, helping to reduce the impact of stress on the joints. In addition, hyaluronic acid may help to repair damaged cartilage.

Our Formula for Joint Health

Our joint health formula contains a high concentration of hyaluronic acid, along with Vitamin D and other important nutrients. Vitamin D is essential for bone health, and it also helps the body absorb calcium more effectively. Calcium is another key nutrient for maintaining strong bones and healthy joints.

If you are concerned about joint pain or stiffness, our joint health formula may be right for you. This formula contains a high concentration of hyaluronic acid, along with Vitamin D and other key nutrients for optimal joint health. If you are looking for a natural way to support your joints, this formula may provide the relief you need!

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Is Cholesterol Bad for Your Brain? Science Says No

Date: September 11, 2018 09:52 AM
Author: VitaNet, LLC Staff (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Is Cholesterol Bad for Your Brain? Science Says No

Is Cholesterol Bad for Your Brain? Science Says No

Having too much cholesterol is bad for you. Most people know this fact as it is preached to us from a young age. Do not have too much cholesterol or you will end up having high blood pressure and problems as you get older. However, some people like foods such as eggs a bit too much and this forces them to consume far more cholesterol than they realize. It can be a dangerous match if not handled.

Key Takeaways:

If you eat way too many eggs, the chances are that you will have some cholesterol problems.
Be smart when you eat and remember that too much of any one thing is usually not good for you.
It is crazy to think about all of the bodily functions that go on within us on a daily basis.

"Cholesterol is extremely important for cognitive function. While your brain represents about 2-3 percent of your total body weight, 25 percent of that cholesterol in your body is found in your brain."

Read more: https://www.zliving.com/health/cholesterol-for-your-brain-117041/

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Supplemental nutrition found to treat brain injury better than prescriptions, and may even provide some protection against injury

Date: July 26, 2018 08:58 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Supplemental nutrition found to treat brain injury better than prescriptions, and may even provide some protection against injury

Supplemental nutrition found to treat brain injury better than prescriptions, and may even provide some protection against injury

Researchers from Texas Christian Univeristy recently led a research review into whether nutritional supplements can aid in recovery from Sports Related Concussions (SRC). SRCs, sometimes referred to as mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), are caused by biomechanical forces resulting from a direct blow to the head, face or neck. While mTBIs are harder to diagnose than other TBIs, they can become progressively more serious through repeated trauma and the brain’s inflammatory response. The research review decided that Curcumin, Creatine and Omega-3 supplements show potential for promoting recovery from SRCs, but noted that more research is needed.

Key Takeaways:

According to findings from Texas Christian University, nutritional supplements can be used effectively to treat brain injuries such as concussions from sports.
Specific nutrients can affect a broader spectrum of neurological pathways than mainstream drugs, offering more treatment options for mTBIs.
Creatine, omega-3 fatty acids, and curcumin all positively impact the neurometabolic sequelae involved in concussive impacts.

"Mild traumatic brain injuries, however, are not as easily detected as that of a severe TBI. The authors noted that while sports-related concussive and sub-concussive impacts start out as mild, the brain’s inflammatory response to an injury may aggravate it, especially in repeated and prolonged exposures."

Read more: https://www.naturalnews.com/2018-07-23-supplemental-nutrition-found-to-treat-brain-injury-better-than-prescriptions.html

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Diabetes forces some to practice healthier habits

Date: May 03, 2017 10:44 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Diabetes forces some to practice healthier habits

To eat or not to eat, that is the question most diabetics face. Low or spiking blood sugars can happen in an instant and can leave to diabetic in a sticky situation that is not so sweet. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 is often seen in juveniles, but can be late onset in adults. This is more of a pancreas issue and function. Type 2, until the last 20 years was seen in adult populations where one may be overweight or obese. Patients with this type of diabetes tend to benefit more from regular exercise and diet changes as well as medication. It is important to follow a prescribed regimen for ones' specific needs and consult a doctor.

Read more: Diabetes forces some to practice healthier habits

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New class of hydrogen sulfide donor molecules

Date: January 16, 2017 10:59 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: New class of hydrogen sulfide donor molecules

One of the most destructive forces in our bodies is oxidative stress. This causes a breakdown of molecules within the body, which then leads to problems such as heart attacks, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. The University of Oregon has just released a study showing that they were able to design organic molecules that can be used to release hydrogen sulfide when oxidative stress triggers it. This compound functions to restore molecular stability within the body. This is just the first step in producing new drugs for treating currently life-threatening conditions.

Key Takeaways:

The research -- done at a cellular level in the lab and far from medical reality -- involves the design of organic molecules that break down to release hydrogen sulfide when triggered by specific conditions such as increased oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress damages cells and is tied especially to heart disease and cancer, as well as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Separate portions of the research were detailed in proof-of-concept papers in the Journal of the American Chemical Society in June and in November in Angewandte Chemie, an international journal.

"Oxidative stress damages cells and is tied especially to heart disease and cancer, as well as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease."

Reference:

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/12/161230103540.htm

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A Gut Makeover for the New Year

Date: January 12, 2017 12:59 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (support@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: A Gut Makeover for the New Year

When it comes to new years resolutions, one of the resolutions that you should consider for the new year is a gut makeover. When it comes to long term health investments, reestablishing the community of microbes and bacteria that make up your intestinal tract can be one of the best ones in general. A diminished microbial system can have consequences that extend for a long period of time, which is why this makes for a great long term new years resolution.

Key Takeaways:

If you’re making resolutions for a healthier new year, consider a gut makeover.
Much of the composition of the microbiome is established early in life, shaped by forces like your genetics and whether you were breast-fed or bottle-fed.
Changing your diet to one containing a variety of plant-based foods, the new research suggests, may be crucial to achieving a healthier microbiome.

"A diminished microbial ecosystem, on the other hand, is believed to have consequences that extend far beyond the intestinal tract, affecting everything from allergies and inflammation, metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity, even mental health conditions like depression and anxiety."

Reference:

//www.nytimes.com/2016/12/29/well/eat/a-gut-makeover-for-the-new-year.html?partner=rss&emc=rss&_r=0

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How inflammation interferes with the formation of new bone material

Date: December 14, 2016 10:22 PM
Author: Darrell Miller
Subject: How inflammation interferes with the formation of new bone material

One suffers from autoimmune inflammation when the immune system takes healthy cells to be foreign and fights them. This disease causes abnormal changes and growth in body organs; it can affect many or just one body tissue. Autoimmune inflammation usually runs in families. The main cause of the disease is not known, but theories usually rotate on factors like chemical irritants, drugs, environmental irritants and virus. Autoimmune inflammation interferes with the process of bone formation as the chemicals released by body cells increase blood flow resulting in warmth or swelling of the infected part. This swelling causes irritation of the joints and the bones cartilage wears down swelling the joint lining.

With patients with autoimmune inflammation, there will be the erosion of the cartilage and the bone. It causes weakening of the bone which is as a result of deterioration of the bone structure and low bone mass. This increases the risks of fractures as the bone becomes more fragile. It affects the bone formation by reducing muscle forces on the bone which can cause paralysis. From the activation of cells and immune system, there is a production of inflammatory cytokines which induce the bone loss. This is because it causes local cartilage degradation and thus inhibits bone formation.

Bone remodeling highly depends on the balanced action between bone-resorbing and the osteoblast, in this process, an inflammatory process that would target the joint will affect the structure of the bone. This will result in impaired function of the bone and the destruction of bone tissue. OPC generally helps to lower the blood pressure, protect the brain, stop deep vein thrombosis, prevent oxidative and stop inflammation. The seed extract reduces anything damaging the joints and helps in immune regulation. They help stop the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis. It helps in building of the backbone. It acts as antibacterial agents, preventing inflammable infections. Inflammation can also be prevented through exercises and stopping obesity. Modification of the diet and consumption of supplements will also help avoid inflammation.

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Benefits of stress management

Date: November 30, 2016 01:53 AM
Author: Darrell Miller
Subject: Benefits of stress management

Mental Health can be overlooked in our everyday lives but it plays a huge role in our health. Our mental state can affect us in many ways both positively and negatively. This article will be discuss the importance of Mental Health with a concentration on stress management. Stress is a significant cause of mental illness today and although we can't eradicate it, we can manage it It is important to understand that not all stress is negative. Stress may occur prior to weddings, graduations, or even social gatherings, but no matter the source of stress, your bodies respond the same. Also, some stress is good for you in order to manage skills needed for survival such as fight or flight.

Experts suggest a combination of physical, social, environmental, and psychological approaches to managing stress. When we are stressed, we encounter General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). GAS is your complex physiological responses that happen as a result of the stress and has three phases. The first phase of GAS is the alarm phase. The alarm phase occurs when we sense there is a stressor present (Body doesn't sense whether it is a good or bad stressor), everything becomes heightened and hormones respond. The seconds phase of GAS is called the resistance phase. During the resistance phase your body resists stress to get your it back to homeostasis. If you can't rid the stress you move into exhaustion The last phase, exhaustion, occurs when your body is tired and can't fight anymore to get it back to homeostasis. Physical or emotional tension is often a good indicator of stress.

Below is a short list of symptoms from stress.

Tension and irritability
Fear and anxiety about the future
Difficulty making decisions
Being numb to one's feelings
Loss of interest in normal activities
Loss of appetite

We all experience some level of stress on a regular basis but as I mentioned before, too much can be harmful to your body. Below I have listed ways in which you can deal with and reduce stress levels.

Take Care of Yourself

Taking care of yourself seems self-explanatory for many but as we enter the exhaustion phase our attention to self-care begins to decline. Eat a healthy diet, get plenty of sleep, treat yourself, and maintain your normal routine.

Stay Active

It is often said that exercise is the most underused stress reliever and this is 100% true. Working out forces you to take your mind off of the stressors and focus on what you are doing and nothing else. Get in a gym or go for a run to lower your stress levels.

Social Support

Being able to talk to someone during stressful times is very important. Connect with a friend or family member that you will listen to what you want to get off your mind. This can be very helpful for stress reduction.

Avoid Alcohol or Drugs

People often turn to drugs and alcohol in times of stress but fail to realize they only provide temporary relief. Once your "high" or "buzz" wears off, you will more than likely feel worse than before. Alcohol and drugs add to stress and do not help to reduce its impact. I hope this information helps you to recognize when you are stressed and how to handle it Stress is a serious issue that we tend to overlook. Stress is usually a catalyst for other illnesses such as anxiety to occur.

In conclusion chamomile will help you zap stress and unwind and have healthy life.

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Probiotics for Oral Health

Date: January 12, 2016 06:39 PM
Author: Darrell Miller
Subject: Probiotics for Oral Health

Bacteria usually makes people think of organisms that cause disease. The truth is that there are countless types of bacteria and while some of them do cause disease, there are millions of bacteria that are beneficial to the body. For optimum health, the body should consist of about 85% healthy bacteria.

These healthy bacteria help with;

Protection against colonization of unhealthy bacteria such as Candida.
Nutrient and vitamin absorption.
Protection from allergies.

Sourcing Healthy Bacteria

The information that the human body is dependent on good bacteria for healthy functionality only recently came out and with it came a plethora of food products designed to promote the growth of healthy bacteria such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.

Food that are good for the production of healthy bacteria in the body are called probiotics. Fermented foods such as yogurt, miso and sauerkraut are great probiotics however these food have to be unpasteurized as the pasteurization process kills all of the bacteria in food, both good and bad.

While most bacteria is present inside people's guts, there are some that occur both in the intestinal tract and the mouth. Streptococcus salivarius is a major member of the microbes that make up the healthy bacteria inside of a person's mouth.

The Colonization of S. Salivarius in the Mouth

Oral Streptococci are one of the first bacteria to colonize the mouths of newborn humans. For bacteria to colonize the mouth, it must first avoid the body's natural defenses against colonization from foreign microbes and resist the forces of saliva. To resist these forces, streptococci have developed adhesives that interact with the exposed areas of the mouth to keep them securely fastened to the area that they wish to colonize.

There are two main types of surfaces in the mouth. These are the hard and non-shedding surfaces of the teeth, and soft tissues whose surfaces have cells that are constantly being replaced such as the tongue and cheeks. S. mutans and S. Sangunins have tropisms that enable them to stick to the surfaces of the teeth while S. Salivarius has adapted tropisms that enable it to adhere onto the soft tissues.

All of these areas of the mouth are constantly coated with saliva. Saliva provides a variety of molecules that are ideal for streptococcal bacteria to interact with and adhere to. The thin films of saliva within the mouth vary in thickness and chemical composition at different points. Therefore different locations in the mouth consist of saliva that has more or less favorable receptors to the adherance properties of streptococci. For example, streptococci located on chips in teeth exhibit varied properties in their ability to bind to salivary proteins in those locations.

Streptococcus and Healthy Mouths

Streptococci's process of colonization makes it difficult for pathogenic bacteria to stick to the host. With the emergence of the knowledge that bacteria in the mouth promotes health, new strains of S. Salivarius such as K12 and K18 have been developed to help fight oral health problems that people deal with every day. These probiotics are designed as mouth washes that a person gargles for direct application. Once there, these probiotics create bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances called Salivaricin A and Salivaricin B that have the ability to fight infection.

Maladies Treated by S. Salivarius

Tonsil Stones: Tonsil stones are produced by the unchecked accumulation of bacteria that produce sulfur. The debris created by this bacteria then accumulates in the tonsils. Oral probiotics break down these unwanted globs.

Bad Breath: When the body sleeps the brain sends signals to the mouth to reduce its production of saliva. The reduction of saliva turns the mouth into an environment that is more favorable to the growth of bacteria that thrives in dry and anaerobic conditions. The proteins produced by S. Salivarius K12 inhibit the growth of this bad-breathe causing bacteria.

Ear infections: The misinformed believe that ear infections start from outside the ear. The truth is that they are caused by bacteria that originates inside the throat and then travels up to the ear canal through the Eustachian tube. Beneficial bacteria such as that found in probiotics prevent this from happening by forming a protective bio-film in the throat that prevents harmful bacteria from progressing.

Bacterial Transplants

When it was discovered that bacteria is essential for healthy gut activity, the doctor who made the discovery suggested that if a person is suffering from certain maladies of the stomach or gut or whose healthy gut bacteria has been eviscerated by steroids or antibiotics, said person can get a transplant of bacteria from a healthy donor.

This idea was also applied to a man who came into his doctor complaining of an ear infection. The doctor simply took a sample of ear wax from the person's healthy ear, transferred it into the infected ear and the infection passed.

References

//www.naturalnews.com/025520_bacteria_food_healthy.html

//www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-harold-katz/probiotics-oral-health_b_870307.html

//www.therabreath.com/what-are-probiotics.html

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BENEFITS OF RASPBERRY LEAVES TO WOMEN.

Date: July 09, 2014 02:46 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: BENEFITS OF RASPBERRY LEAVES TO WOMEN.

Benefits of raspberry leaves to women

Raspberry is a plant that produces a sweet red berry that is widely consumed for its rich taste and nutritional value in vitamins. The raspberry leaf has also been observed to have nutritional benefits to the body as it contains magnesium, iron, Vitamin B and potassium. The leaves have also have been used for centuries to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders; heart problems, diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, promotion of toxin removal through sweating and urination and for bile production. Tannins in the leaves have been observed to have a soothing effect on the skin.

This leaf has been observed to have multiple benefits to women’s health besides those mentioned above. Some of the benefits include;

Regulation of the flow of menstruation and reduction of cramps due to relaxation of the uterine muscles. It also helps in relieving post-menopausal and endometriosis symptoms by helping to clear excess hormones thus detoxifying the body.
Increasing fertility by strengthening of the uterine wall while relaxing the smooth muscles of the same and this increases the chances of the embryo to the wall while minimizing the chances of miscarriage. The minerals contained help detoxify extra hormones that may interfere with conception.
In pregnancy, the raspberry tea made from the leaves relieves morning sickness and leaves you nourished with more nutrients compared to water. Expectant women have also reported lesser cases of anemia, relieved leg cramps and swelling. The vitamins and minerals contained in the leaf are easily absorbed to help the baby grow while keeping the mother nourished.
In labor, the tea has been observed to concentrate the uterine contractions making the birth process as effective as it primarily affected by the contraction forces of the uterus thus shorter birth times. Other benefits include maintenance of the integrity membranes until birth and fewer cases of Caesarean, forceps or vacuum modes of delivery according to a research published in Australian College of Midwives Journal.
Mothers planning to have a vaginal birth after a Caesarean section (VBAC) have an advantage because the tea has products that help tone the uterine muscle after the procedure, since the abdomen and uterus are cut open thus somewhat weakening the muscles.
After birth, it brings in rich milk to the baby from its rich nutritional profile and helps control drastic change in hormones, a factor said to contribute to postpartum depression.

Source

//wellnessmama.com/5107/raspberry-leaf-herb-profile/
//www.stammnutrition.com/?p=275
//www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-309-RED%20RASPBERRY.aspx?activeIngredientId=309&activeIngredientName=RED%20RASPBERRY

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How L-Glutamine Increases Memory And Cognitive Functions!

Date: January 20, 2014 09:26 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: How L-Glutamine Increases Memory And Cognitive Functions!

L-Glutamine

brain memory Assuming that you are one of the numerous people that experience the ill effects of cerebrum fogginess, weakness and even laziness, you can discover the easing you require since L-Glutamine enhances memory and cognitive capacities. This amino acid is extremely pervasive in a few parts of the mind, the spinal string, and even organs of assimilation and detoxification. These methodologies all work synergistically with one another to handle optimal health conditions that abandon you feeling extraordinary constantly. When you have ever battled to recall certain occasions, data, or basic portions, you have to adjust the way your cerebrum appreciates data, which might be adequately finished when you utilize L-Glutamine to upgrade memory capacity. This compelling cell reinforcement does everything, and revitalizes your cells so you profit from improved vigor levels for your health and against maturing necessities.

How the medicinal utilization of L-Glutamine enhances your memory

Presently you can encounter all the rushes of having the ability to recall again when you use this characteristic elective health supplement for sum figure quality and persistence. This animated amino acid works through protein combination and compound transformations in distinctive parts of the form which invigorate sound responses to happen. Engaging your psyche from the cell level up, L-Glutamine enhances memory and evacuates collections of smelling salts and nitrogen in the blood which at last influences the working of your cerebrum. Smelling salts is available when this fixing is changed over into glutamic acid which obliges certain measures of alkali. When you standardize these levels, the mind fogginess vanishes as your units accept fitting measures of oxygen and supplements for sound working.

Health points of interest of utilizing L-Glutamine to improve memory capacity

Furthermore, there are other sound motivating forces to utilize this part also. The point when this valuable substance is changed over into its hostile to oxidizing structure, it improves the benefit of the focal apprehensive framework, beginning at the cerebrum. It can likewise secure your nerves from harm because of hormones, chemicals, and extreme electrical indicators. When you utilize L-Glutamine to improve memory capacity, you are likewise diminishing the dangers of experiencing tension, melancholy, and a large portion of its identified indications in view of its stimulant qualities. This elective health supplement impacts the pituitary organ to discharge certain chemicals, indicators, and hormones all around the figure to equalize out physiological capacities.

Reference:

//natural-alternative-health-supplements.com

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What Causes High Blood Pressure And What Can Reduce And Prevent It?

Date: December 28, 2012 11:24 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: What Causes High Blood Pressure And What Can Reduce And Prevent It?

High blood pressure is one of the most common conditions people suffer from in first-world countries; throughout the last few decades civilized countries have becomes exponentially more reliant on technology, without forgetting the rise of the fast food industry. In conjunction with the sedentary lifestyles most people lead nowadays, this has led to an increase of people with cardiovascular health problems. According to the American Heart Association, around 33% of adults in the United States are suffering from hypertension.

The silent killer

The disease is not known as the silent killer for nothing, as a person can live with it for years and years without even experiencing any symptoms. However, as time goes by the disease starts to take its toll on the body, with symptoms including dizziness, headaches and nosebleeds. However, if gone unchecked for a long time the condition is going to worsen considerably, eventually leading to the development of serious cardiovascular problems, including coronary heart disease.

What precisely causes high blood pressure?

For starters, one's body fat percentage plays an important role; the more fat a person has, the more the walls of their arteries are clogged, the higher the blood pressure rises. A lack of physical activity has also been known to help the condition develop as it forces your heart to contract itself more often. Intake of products such as tobacco, alcohol, sodium and potassium can all lead to an increase in your blood pressure, as well as your risk of heart disease.

Stress is a factor which often gets overlooked, but the truth is that when you tense up, your heart starts pumping blood faster, which consequently increases the pressure in your arteries. Finally, there is the one factor which cannot be controlled: genetics. Indeed, if a person has a family history of hypertension, that person is likely to suffer from it as well.

While it is possible to treat high blood pressure with chemical over-the-counter pharmaceutical remedies, they often bring about a slew of side effects which can cause problems even worse than the ones experienced with the blood pressure.

Natural Remedies

Fortunately, there are a few natural remedies which can be used to fight the condition.

For starters, you can take magnesium supplements which are sold by numerous companies, generally in the form of capsules. Magnesium is the most common mineral needed by the body and it helps to regulate one's blood levels. If you don't feel like taking supplements, you could always eat foods rich in magnesium, which basically translates to consuming lots of green vegetables, nuts, seeds and unrefined grains.

Hibiscus tea

Hibiscus tea is another apparent miracle of nature; drinking it on a regular basis will slowly decrease one's hypertension. A clinical study was actually conducted in order to determine the tea's effectiveness, and it was found that it can noticeably improve the condition of those suffering from mild or moderate hypertension.

Coenzyme Q10

Finally, you might want to look into the Coenzyme Q10, a natural supplement which has undergone clinical studies. More precisely, there was a twelve-week double-blind placebo-controlled study involving eighty-three subjects with hypertension. They were treated for the entire duration with 17.8 mm Hg of the Coenzyme Q10, and in the end their pressure was significantly reduced.

Needless to say, there are countless more natural remedies which can help deal with high blood pressure, with the best part being that most of them don't cost much and are readily available for purchase anywhere. In some cases, you can even do it at home by yourself. All in all, as long as there are natural methods to try it is highly recommended that you stay away from pharmaceutical treatments; not only will they burn a hole in your wallet, they may very well leave you worse for wear.

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How Does Lithium Help with Memory and Mental Disorders?

Date: July 04, 2011 08:42 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: How Does Lithium Help with Memory and Mental Disorders?

Lithium And The Brain

Lithium is a chemical element whose ions have been observed to display pharmacological effects. It is best known as a treatment for mania and remains to this day an approved drug for mood disorders in several countries, including the US. It has been associated with countless scientific studies since the latter half of the 19th century. It is one of the most extensively studied of all drugs that alter mood.

Depression is an ancient disease of the mind that was referred to as melancholia in the ancient world. It has been noted in religious writings over the centuries. High energy levels and mental hyperactivity characteristic of bipolar disorder were once associated with supernatural causes. Religious beliefs have historically considered mental disorders as the work of the devil, and melancholia is not an exception.

Mania

Melancholia and mania were two separate mental conditions. The former was always tied to evil forces whereas the latter were thought to be triggered by other supernatural causes. Early Greek and Roman physicians noted that active behavior deemed to be pathological could be cured by drinking spring waters. Research have studied and reported that these spring waters actually contained lithium salts.

Manic depression was first posited in the 1950s to be a mental illness distinct from both melancholia and mania. It was in France when two psychiatrists independently observed the type of insanity that oscillates from between bouts of depression and mania. It was later categorized as a specific type of psychosis in that the condition was acute, and thus the patient functions normally after recovery.

Lithium was introduced as a treatment for manic depressive disorder in the form of lithium carbonate in the first half of the 20th century. Its use was discovered when lithium urate produced tranquilizing effects on animal subjects. Lithium salts were used as tranquilizers shortly after. Human experiments have proven to be effective in controlling patients chronically suffering from bouts of manic disorders.

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is now the widely used term in psychiatry, though manic depression is still preferred by many medical professionals. It was first used in the 1950s to describe oscillations between two polar behaviors: mania and depression. It is a subtype of depression, the other one being major depression or unipolar depression. Lithium remains a drug for mania amid its changing descriptions.

Medicinal concentrations of lithium are generally considered safe in that they produce no apparent psychoactive effects. Instead, they work as a therapeutic treatment. It has been widely established that lithium possesses properties that stabilize mood, though its mechanism of action is still a matter of controversy. It is believed that lithium rebalances brain chemicals and alters gene expression.

Lithium appears to have an impact on several neurotransmitters present in the central nervous system, such as glutamate and serotonin Inasmuch as these neurotransmitters are noted for their role in mood and memory, some sources have ascribed nootropic effects to regular intake of lithium supplements.

Lithium is a wonderful supplement available over the counter. Try some Lithium today and feel the difference!

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Cascara sagrada and constipation

Date: November 09, 2010 05:27 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Cascara sagrada and constipation

bark of cascara Cascara Sagrada is a large deciduous herbal tree. It is found in the specific area of the western coastal regions of the North America, mainly along the bottomlands in the valleys, along canyons and forested mountain slopes. It is also found growing along the Pacific Northwest from the Canadian province of British Columbia down to the northern parts of the California state. It reaches to the height of twenty to thirty feet and circumference of one and a half feet in diameter at maturity. With slender branches having many leaves, the bark of the tree is reddish brown is colour.

The leaves are green and yellow in colour and elliptical in shape with finely toothed edge, rounded base and sharp or blunt tips. Along the slender branches, the foliage tends to be guided by the crowding of the leaves at the tips of the branch lets. During the months of May to June, it bears greenish white flowers which are borne in clusters along the axils of the leaves. The flowers by the month of September gives rounded black fruits, which bear two or three smooth seeds. The various parts of the tree were used by the Native Americans in their traditional folk medicine.

The Spanish on observing this named the tree as Cascara Sagrada, meaning the “Sacred bark”. In the traditional Indian medicine it was used in preparing various herbal medicines. In the autumn season the bark of the tree would be stripped, dried and then be left to a slow aging process at least for a year. The prepared bark was then kept in water and boiled to the steep. The boiled water was cooled and drunk as a potent herbal medicine to alleviate the symptoms of constipation in affected patients.

plant of cascara In the year 1877 the American physicians recognized and accepted its many medicinal benefits. From the year 1894 they started listing Cascara Sagrada in the books U.S. Pharmacopeia for the significant medical benefits it provided. It is believed to be one of the world’s most naturally available laxatives and is still marketed as a natural plant based laxative. The wave like contractions it causes along the musculature in the walls of the intestine for alleviating constipation is the ultimate medicinal ability It possess which no other modern medicine has.

It is known for the peristalsis forces that it creates to tone the relaxed intestinal muscles of the affected patients. It shows great results by irritating the intestinal tissues. In old and weakened people is shows potent laxative action when properly diluted, providing great relief. The honey made from the flowers of this tree also show laxative action but is mild in nature. It is believed that the milder laxative action produced by the combination two related European species of Cascara is safe and beneficial to patients.

This herbal tree is widely used in patients with chronic constipation. Many commercial laxatives contain the bark of this herbal tree as the key ingredient of the product. If you suffer from constipation please contact your health care provider. Laxatives are a temporary fix for constipation and should not be taken for long periods of time. Lack of bowel movement is usually due to low fiber diets. Adding additional fiber to ones diet can boost bowel function and reduce constipation.

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Caralluma extract

Date: August 24, 2009 11:32 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Caralluma extract

Caralluma is a succulent plant that is part of the cactus family. It can be found growing wild in Africa, the Canary Islands, India, and southern Europe, Sri Lanka, and Afghanistan. The herb has been used in Indian for centuries in order to curb appetite. It is a portable food for hunting and also an endurance enhancer. This herb was also used during periods of famine in order to curb appetite.

The caralluma plant is part of the Apoxynaceae family. It has been eaten in rural Indian for centuries, raw, as a vegetable with spices, or preserved in chutneys and pickles. It is often found as a roadside shrub or boundary marker. Caralluma has been used as a portable food and thirst quencher for hunting. Caralluma is mainly used for its ability to suppress hunger and appetite, while enhancing stamina. Tribesmen on a daily hunt will often only pack some caralluma to sustain themselves, which is why it is commonly known as a famine food in India.

The working class in India used this plant not only as an appetite suppressant, but also to increase energy and endurance. Caralluma can be coked as a vegetable, pickled, used in chutneys, or eaten raw.

This herb seems to block the activity of many fat-promoting enzymes in the body. It forces fat reserves to be burned. One double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial on caralluma extract, which involved fifty people, showed significant reductions in all key indicators of weight loss.

This plant is also believed to affect the appetite-control mechanism that is found in the brain. When we eat, nerves in our stomach send a signal to the brain’s hypothalamus. This is the appetite-controlling center. When the stomach is full, the hypothalamus informs the brain that it can stop eating. When a person feels hunger, it is the result of the hypothalamus sending a signal to the brain to eat. The interference with these signals, or even creating a sign of its own, is done by caralluma. Through this, the brain is tricked into thinking that the stomach is full, even if the person has not eaten.

Patients who use caralluma have reported having more energy. Additionally, they tend to gain lean muscle mass while they lose fat. This herb not only reduces fat synthesis, but it also boosts the burning of fat. This makes more energy available for the body as a whole.

The plant has no known toxicity or side effects. However, it is wise to consult a health care professional before supplementing with this, or any nutrient while on prescription medications.

The entire caralluma plant is used to provide anorectic and energy boosting properties. The primary nutrients found in this herb are bitters principles, flavones glycosides, megastigmane glycosides, pregnane glycosides, and seponins. Primarily, this herb is extremely beneficial in dealing with low energy and obesity. It also acts as an appetite suppressant. For more information on the many beneficial effects provided by caralluma, please feel free to contact a representative from your local health food store.

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Spirulina

Date: August 13, 2008 12:44 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Spirulina

A lot of people are eating healthier nowadays, as empty processed diets are being restored to more wholesome foods, causing a more conscious society to be emerging. It is important now more than ever to understand how natural foods can help us to lose weight and create a better life. Spirulina is a small spiral-coiled organism that is one of the oldest living things on earth. Spirulina also called blue-green algae is a nutritional powerhouse and supplies numerous benefits. For centuries it has been nourishing people and is becoming an increasingly popular option among dieters and health seekers.

Spirulina thrives in hot climates where it grows in ponds and lakes, producing twenty times more protein than soybeans that grow on an equal-sized amount of land. It actually has the richest known protein content at 60 to 70 percent. This vegetable is easy to digest and allows dieters to meet their needs for this nutrient while fighting off the craving for meat, unwanted fat, and cholesterol. The concentrated protein found in spirulina can encourage natural body weight by eliminating the highs and lows in blood sugar that come along with a high-carbohydrate diet. This effect of stabilizing blood sugar helps people with hypoglycemia.

Spirulina was originally used for food by African villagers before the Aztecs recorded consuming spirulina in what is now Mexico over five centuries ago. In India, small amounts of spirulina were used to help improve the general well-being, by enabling vegetarian villagers to maintain a healthy weight without eating meat. Spirulina was rated a better food than most other protein sources by researchers at the Toronto’s McGill University when studying severely malnourished children. If you aren’t consuming the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables, just one spirulina serving can give you ten times more beta carotene than carrots.

In a study at McGill University, spirulina was given to thirty men with mild hypertension and high cholesterol; results were shown to reduce cholesterol levels in all participants. The total cholesterol levels dropped significantly, but returned to baseline when the spirulina was stopped. Spirulina contains gamma-linolenic acid, which is the same nutrient that is found in mother’s milk. When it is taken in large quantities, GLA has been shown to contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease and hormone regulation.

Scientists at UC Davis School of Medicine found that spirulina increases the production of cytokines, which provide a major defense against viruses and cancer cells. Cytokines are good for the body because they stimulate the cells that target cells which target certain pathogens. The more of these cells that you have available, the more attack forces you have to fight the cells.

The chlorophyll which is found in spirulina makes it a natural cleanser, as well as a natural appetite suppressant; making it favorable for dieters. This is extremely useful for people who are trying to lose weight or are fasting. Because spirulina is so rich in vitamin B12, iron, and magnesium, it is great for men, women, children, and vegetarians who are prone to deficiencies in these nutrients.

In conclusion, today’s spirulina is grown using modern methods and available in tablets, capsules, and powders. Spirulina is a great addition to one’s diet whether they are trying to boost overall health or manage weight. Stop in to your local health food store and ask about spirulina and how it can help boost your health.

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Fiber For Better Health

Date: July 11, 2008 12:27 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Fiber For Better Health

We have been told that we must eat a certain amount of fiber with our meals because it is ‘good for us’. Most of us have been led to believe that this is because fiber promotes bowel motions and prevents us from suffering from constipation. It is also good for our digestive system. But how true is this, and just what are the real benefits of fiber in our diet?

First of what, what is fiber? Sure, we know there must be fiber in food such as cabbage, beans and celery because we can see it. But is all fiber actually fibrous? Of course not, so let’s first have a close look at what dietary fiber actually is.

Fiber is composed of these parts of a plant that are broken down by the action of enzymes in our digestive juices in the upper parts of our intestinal tract. Some fiber can be digested by the bacteria in our lower intestine, and some is not. So where does fiber come from? By that definition, fiber can be any part of your food, not only the stringy bits, and by definition are of vegetable origin.

Water insoluble fibers increase fecal bulk. That’s the stringy stuff in celery and string beans. It is also contained in cellulose materials, lignin, wheat bran, whole grains and most vegetables. These have the effect of increasing the efficiency of the peristaltic movement of the intestine on the passage of chyme (the creamy fluid that exits the stomach into the duodenum) through your system.

The liquid and nutrients are progressively removed, and the fiber maintains the bulk needed for peristalsis to work properly. Peristalsis is the rhythmic movement of the intestine that forces your food right from your stomach to your rectum. It is also the basis of some forms of industrial pump that operate on the same principle. Without fiber this pump would be inefficient.

Soluble fiber includes the gum and pectin that are obtained from plant cells. They swell up the chyme, and slow down its rate of travel through the gastrointestinal system, although they have no effect on fecal bulk. Specific examples are oat bran, fruit and most vegetables (all plants contain both). A peach, for example, consists of a skin which is insoluble fiber, and the juicy pulp beneath it which is predominantly soluble fiber.

Although a distinction is made between dietary and crude fiber, they both have their part to play. The term ‘fiber’ is a wide one and it cannot be said that fiber as a whole imparts a specific health benefit. The benefits of fiber are a combination of those imparted by the full range of types of fiber and their sources that are contained in the human diet, both crude and dietary, soluble and insoluble.

So what specifically are these benefits, other than just the generalization that they are ‘good for your intestinal health’? As you likely know, it is the fiber in your diet that binds your feces together into a solid, rather than leaving it as a mobile liquid. Although around 75% of feces are liquid, the bulk of the rest is fiber, bacteria and undigested food.

Since insoluble fiber makes feces bulkier and softer it can help treat constipation, where the stool has an excess of solid content. Any substance that absorbs water and swells can help with this condition. The same is true of hemorrhoids and a condition of the wall of the intestine known as diverticulosis. Once the inflammation has subsided, a high soluble fiber diet can help prevent a recurrence.

If you want to lose weight, a fiber diet can make you feel full without the calories, since fiber is calorie-free. There is also the fact that high fiber foods have to be chewed longer before they can be swallowed, and so you are liable to eat less in the same time. However, if you are determined, all that means is that you will have to lunch longer to get the same weight gain!

There is little doubt that a fiber-rich diet contributes significantly to intestinal health, and that if the correct amount of fiber is not taken then problems such as constipation, diarrhea, diverticulosis and a lack of absorption of nutrients will occur. The peristaltic pumping motion of the whole gastrointestinal tract, from the top of the throat to the anus, is dependent on solids rather than liquids. While a semi-liquid fecal consistency will pass through your body, it will take the bulk of the nutrition extracted from your food with it. It is fiber that is needed to bulk it up and to enable the liquid to be extracted through the intestinal wall and the fibrous solid to pass on through the colon to the anus.

There are other benefits of a diet high in fiber, though they generally depend on the type of fiber. Take cholesterol, for example. High LDL blood cholesterol levels are associated with atherosclerosis, and the consequent risk of heart disease and strokes, due to the oxidation of the LDL by free radicals. When the HDL lipids carry cholesterol back to the liver, it is destroyed by the action of bile acids. Since water soluble fiber binds bile acids, it figures that some types of fiber can promote the excretion of cholesterol from the body. The fiber most effective in achieving this comes from rolled oats and also pectin.

It has also been claimed that dietary fiber might be effective in preventing cancer of the colon. The theory is that bowel cancer is caused by toxins in the feces and if the fecal matter is expelled from the body quickly, the toxins will have less time to act. Fiber promotes the expulsion of the contents of the colon. This has not been confirmed, however.

What has been confirmed is that your bowel can collect mucoid plaque that sticks to mainly your colon, and is an ideal environment for parasites and yeast infections. The National Fiber Council has stated that most people do not eat enough fiber, and the average requirement is 38g a day for men and 25g a day for women.

So eat your fiber, because fiber can boost your intestinal health and wellness.

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The Power Plant of the Amazon

Date: March 02, 2007 11:34 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: The Power Plant of the Amazon

Enzymatic Therapy Amazon Herbs

It may surprise most Americans to know that rainforest plants are the original source for one-fourth of the chemotherapy medications used today. Plants offer a plethora of beneficial compounds, and rainforests contain a superabundance of beneficial plants.

In fact, plant medicines are the most widely used medicines of all types in the world. Over eighty-five percent of the world’s population uses plant and herbal medicines as their primary medicines. That’s 5.1 billion (5,100,000,000) people worldwide! While Americans overwhelmingly use synthetically manufactured pharmaceuticals to cure their ills, the vast majority of Earth’s inhabitants use healing plant medicines instead.

One of the most powerful healing rainforest plant medicines is cat’s claw, or Uncaria tomentosa. This high climbing woody vine grows at the base of tall trees in the Peruvian rainforest. The plant’s claw-shaped thorns latch onto the trees and spiral further upward, nourished by the lush rainforest environment. For over 2,000 years, the Ashaninka, a tribal people of the Peruvian rainforest, have used the root of U. tomentosa to treat illnesses in the tribe, including asthma, bladder infections, infected wounds, arthritis, bone pain, bowel inflammation, and cancer.

Q. I’ve heard about cat’s claw, but what does it do and how do I know which one is right for me?

Cat’s claw might be one of the most confusing (and most effective!) nutritional supplements available in health food stores today. One reason that it’s so confusing is there are so many kinds of cat’s claw supplements-there are cat’s claw leaves, cat’s claw bark, and even cat’s claw twigs. While each of these supplements claim to help the immune system, it is the root of Uncaria tomentosa that is proven to impart the true cat’s claw health benefits.

Scientists, who have extensively studied every part of the plant, discovered that extracts made from selected cat’s claw roots possess the healing power to treat and prevent diseases like cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcers and degenerative diseases. In addition, it demonstrates anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-microbial benefits.

Adding to the confusion is the fact that not all Uncaria tomentosa roots actually contain healing properties.

Healers in the Ashaninka tribe attribute the healing properties in cat’s claw to the “good spirits” that live in the plant’s roots. The Ashaninka healers, or sancoshi, are able to actually “see” the good spirits hidden inside the root of the plant before they harvest them.

Some cat’s claw plant roots have the good spirits. Some don’t. If the good spirits are mixed with any cat’s claw root without good spirits, the healing power is lost. While there are no apparent differences in the plants or the roots to the untrained eye, only certain cat’s claw roots possess the power to heal. And, for a very long time, only the Ashaninka tribal healer seemed to be able to identify them. They call the good spirit cat’s claw Saventaro, or “powerful plant”.

However, scientists who were given cat’s claw roots by the Ashaninka to study in the laboratory discovered that they could “see” the good spirits, too! Using high performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, a laboratory process that identifies various chemical compounds, the good spirits of cat’s claw roots were revealed to be important medicinal compounds called pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (POAs). Research has learned that POAs provide powerful benefits for the human immune response.

Q. Why are good spirits, or POA’s, good for the immune system?

Cat’s claw POAs work to keep us healthy by directly interacting with white blood cells, the backbone of our immune system. Our white blood cells are the disease fighting cells of the human body. These highly specialized cells fight diseases we catch, such as colds and flu, as well as diseases that start within our own cells, such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. There are many kinds of white blood cells; each has a specific job to do in fighting diseases.

Certain POAs help white blood cells called macrophages work faster. The macrophages’ job is to engulf and digest foreign material. This means that macrophages can ingest m ore bacteria and disease causing microbes when they are exposed to POAs. The scientists also discovered that POA cat’s claw extract increases the production of a chemical protein called interleukin that is secreted by macrophages. This macrophage-secreted interleukin (IL-1) has important immune enhancing properties. IL-1 alerts resting white blood cells and spurs them into action. It also helps make other biochemicals that are essential to an activated immune system.

POAs also help B cells. B cells are white blood cells that make antibodies that kill germs. Each B cell is programmed to make one specific antibody that is effective against one specific germ (such as a bacteria, virus, or fungus). When scientists looked at the number of B cells after they were exposed to POA cat’s claw root extract, they found that the B cells had increased significantly, resulting in an increased supply of antibodies. And perhaps most importantly as they relate to cancer, the POAs in cat’s claw root extract help increase the number of T cells, the true soldiers of the immune system. There are many different kinds of these white blood cells, including Helper T cells, Suppressor T cells, and Killer T cells. Increased Helper, Suppressor, and Killer T-cells can more effectively destroy cancer cells. Increasing the number of circulating T-cells is very important in a disease like AIDS as well.

Q. Can cat’s claw and other plants in the rainforest really cure diseases? Isn’t that just folklore?

It’s folk use and modern science combined-plants have long been known for their ability to kill cancer cells. In fact, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has identified over 3000 plant extracts that can kill cancer cells. More than 70 percent of these plants are found only in the rainforest.

Q. What is it about the rainforest that gives plants like cat’s claw these cancer killing compounds?

Most of the time when we talk about rainforests, we’re talking about the tropical rainforests. While other forests, like the old-growth temperate forests of the Pacific Northwest, also have high rainfalls and tall trees, the tropical rainforests located near the equator are where most plant medicines come from.

The Amazon rainforest in South America is the world’s largest, covering an area about two-thirds the size of the continental United States. Depending on the elevation and distance to the equator the Amazon rainforest receives between 160 and 400 inches of rain per year. The rain is spread pretty evenly from January to December-it’s always the rainy season-and the temperatures remain between 75-80 degrees Fahrenheit all year.

This fertile environment continually recycles itself. When leaves fall from the trees, flowers wilt, and animals die in the rainforest-all of the nutrients are recycled back into the roots of the trees and plants. Because the rainforest reuses almost everything that falls to the ground, the plant growth is amazingly rich in alkaloids and other medicinal compounds. Researchers think these compounds and alkaloids, like POAs, protect the plants from illness and insect attacks. These are the very same compounds that protect us from disease.

Q. When the Ashaninka harvest the cat’s claw roots, does it impact the rest of the plant?

No. The Ashaninka work intelligently to keep rainforest cat’s claw plants perpetually healthy. The Ashaninka employ responsible and innovative harvesting techniques to keep the plants alive and tribal members healthy. Individual cat’s claw plants are never completely harvested. Only one third of the lateral roots are collected at any one time to allow re-growth by the remaining root. Once a plant’s lateral roots have been partially harvested, that plant is left to regenerate, and no more root is harvested from it for 10 years.

Q. Why are the Ashaninka willing to share their cat’s claw?

They are generous people. The Ashaninka see no benefit in hoarding cat’s claw for themselves alone. They also want to make sure that the plant’s healing properties continue on. As their homelands continue to be destroyed by deforestation, rainforest peoples are also disappearing. There were an estimated ten million tribal and indigenous peoples living in the Amazonian Rainforest in 1510. Today there are less than 200,000.

Since the 1900’s more than 90 indigenous tribes have died out and disappeared. Each time a rainforest medicine man or woman dies without passing their arts on to the next generation, the tribe and the world loses thousands of years of irreplaceable knowledge about medicinal plants. With them, centuries of accumulated knowledge of the medicinal value of rainforest species have been lost.

A good example of the impact of this loss can be seen in cat’s claw. When European explorers began venturing into the Amazon River basin, t hey were skeptical of the stories the Ashaninka people told them of U. tomentosa’s amazing healing powers. But when the explorers became sick with colds, flu, or other illnesses, they harvested cat’s claw root for themselves and gave the plant a try. Sometimes the explorers got better when they used the cat’s claw root, sometimes they stayed the same.

Q. Why didn’t the cat’s claw root help all the explorers?

Because some cat’s claw plant roots have good spirits-POAs-and some cat’s claw plant roots have tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids, or TOAs. While the POAs have very powerful effects in the immune system, the TOAs have different effects in the body, none of which help the immune system cells at all. All U. tomentosa plants look virtually identical, so it’s hard to tell if they have the healing POAs or non-helpful TOAs.

What makes cat’s claw identification even more challenging is the fact that plants with POAs one year will have TOAs the next. Cat’s claw plants seem to change their alkaloid chemotypes at will, an incredibly powerful accomplishment for a plant to possess. Harvesting of cat’s claw roots that contain POAs is very tricky. Unless the person gathering the root extract is an Ashaninka sancoshi. These medicine men know which cat’s claw to use; they can actually “see” the good spirits hidden inside the root. When scientists studying cat’s claw discovered they could “see” presence of TOAs using HPLC technology, they were able to harvest cat’s claw root extracts with POAs that consistently helps people get and stay healthy.

Q. Do some cat’s claw root extract supplements contain TOAs?

Yes they do. And buying those products will only benefit the cat’s claw distributor; they won’t help you stay healthy. When cat’s claw root is harvested from the rainforest, responsible supplement maker examine the root with HPLC to make sure that only POA roots are collected. But, this identification of the chemotypes takes significant time and costs money. For these reasons, many cat’s claw distributors don’t include this important process in their harvesting. The POAs and TOAs are simply just mixed together and sold as a cat’s claw product with no mention of any alkaloid content on the label.

Q. Why should I avoid TOAs?

While the POAs in cat’s claw root extracts have numerous benefits to the immune system, the TOAs have different effects in the body, none helping the immune system cells. Most importantly, however, when POAs and TOAs are mixed together, the TOAs actually work against the POAs. TOAs reduce the capacity of POAs to beneficially modulate the immune system.

Q. How can I be sure the cat’s claw I buy is POA cat’s claw?

Read the label of the cat’s claw root extract product you are considering buying. If it does not clearly state that it is the high POA cat’s claw, then chances are that it’s not.

Q. What do the Ashaninka receive in return for the cat’s claw harvesting?

The Ashaninka and reputable distributors of cat’s claw root extract have established a mutual and ethical relationship. Both groups benefit from the sale of the plant material. Maintaining this relationship is important for both the tribe and the distributors.

The distributors are paying a fair price for the raw material directly to the tribe. No intermediary is involved. This payment covers the raw material itself, a license-fee for the k knowledge of the plant, and a guarantee (from both sides) of a lasting relationship. Payment is also made for the protection of the rainforest. No deforestation is allowed. The area where the cat’s claw materials are processed is also leased and payment is made for this, as well.

This arrangement allows the Ashaninka to make independent decisions in how to spend this income from sale of their cat’s claw plants. They have been able to make improvements in the tribe’s water supply and in their living areas. They are also able to obtain outside medical aid as needed and provide for education of their children.

The partnership with cat’s claw distributors has created a sustainable resource for the Ashaninka. The tribe has been able to not only preserve their rainforest, but also compete financially with unsustainable income sources offered by timber and agricultural firms.

Q. Why is it important to preserve the rainforest?

The most amazing fact about these impressive medicinal plants is the vast number that5 has yet to be discovered. In fact, the rainforest’s abundance is one reason it is home to so many healing plants. Within a four square mile patch of rainforest, you could see 1500 species of flowering plants, 750 species of trees, 125 mammal species, 400 species of birds, 100 reptile species, 60 amphibian species, and 150 different species of butterflies.

Unfortunately, not everyone looks to the rainforest for the same reasons. Many consider its real value in board feet and cultivated acreage. The forces pushing industrial development move quickly; experts estimate that we’re losing over 130 plant, animal, and insect species every day/ That amount to almost 50,000 species a year.

A combination of logging, petroleum interests, cattle grazing operations, and, of course, our own consumer appetites are putting pressure on rainforest resources. The consequences are sobering:

Rainforests once covered 14% of the earth’s land surface; it’s only 6% today
The last remaining rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years.
Nearly half of the world’s species of plants, animals and microorganisms will be destroyed or severely threatened over the next quarter century due to rainforest deforestation.

By leaving the rainforest intact, however, and harvesting its many nuts, fruits, oil-producing, and medicinal plants, the rainforest has more economic value than if it was cut down for timber or to make grazing land for cattle. If managed properly, the rainforest can provide the world’s need for sustainably harvested natural resources on a perpetual basis. That’s what the Ashaninka are doing with their cat’s claw harvesting.

Conclusion

The discovery of medicinal plants is dependent upon healthy rainforests. When an acre of tropical rainforest is lost due to deforestation, the impact on the number of plant and animal species lost and their possible uses is staggering.

We can all help the development of sustainable rainforest industries. By purchasing renewable and sustainable rainforest products, like POA type cat’s claw root extract, we are keeping rainforests alive and well. By benefiting from the innate wisdom of the Ashaninka people we are keeping ourselves just as alive and well. By honoring the science and the sacred of the world’s rainforests, like my friend the oncology nurse, the massive wealth and diversity will be there for generations to come.

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Kidney rejuvenator

Date: July 06, 2006 02:15 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Kidney rejuvenator

Every muscle, organ, bone and tissue in the body is dependent on the kidneys. Each 30 minutes, the kidneys filter the blood, removing about two quarts of waste products and excess water a day, which become urine.

In addition to removing wastes, the kidneys release three important hormones that stimulate the body to produce more red blood cells, regulate blood pressure and help maintain calcium for bones and normal chemical balance in the body.

The kidneys regulate the body’s level of many substances necessary for life. Healthy kidneys return the right amount of chemicals such as sodium, phosphorus and potassium back to the bloodstream fro use by the body.

Kidney health

Because of their vital role, it is important that one’s kidneys be in good health and not stressed or impeded in their function by a buildup of toxins. Low-back pain, joint stiffness and painful menstrual cramps may all be symptoms of poor kidney health.

Kidney Rejuvenator is a proprietary blend of powerful herbs that support the kidneys’ vital functions. These herbs include:

Cinnamon Bark – reinforces circulation in the kidneys, liver spleen and stomach, and increases blood circulation and immunity. Excellent for poor kidney function. Helps balance the menstrual cycle.

Litchi fruit – contributes to healthy kidneys and liver by promoting regeneration of cells. Helps maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Excellent for a week sex drive, strengthens weak knees and joints, and improves vision.

Borage leaves – helps to heal and regenerate damaged adrenal glands and kidneys. Excellent for cardiovascular function. Contribute to healthy skin and nails. Soothe sore joints and strengthen the liver.

Damiana leaf – balance both male and female hormones, which increases energy as well as oxygenating the reproductive organs.

Cedar leaves – boost the immune system and increase blood flow; also cleanse the lymphatic system and urinary tract.

Red Raspberry leaf – support kidneys, liver, spleen, reproductive system and bladder, and promotes healthy skin.

Wild Rose Root – excellent for bladder problems, soothes the liver, strengthens the immune system and reduces pain.

Fenugreek – energizes the kidneys and of all herbs; good for the heart, kidneys, lungs, pancreas, stomach and spleen.

Benefits reported for users

Here are some of the benefits reported by users of Kidney Rejuvenator: reduction of period cramps, reduction of muscle soreness and stiffness, improved kidney / bladder function, fewer general aches and pains, greater flexibility, less joint discomfort, diminished swelling in joints, sense of well-being, and increased energy.

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Soft Drinks Contaminated by Benzene

Date: May 27, 2006 09:24 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Soft Drinks Contaminated by Benzene

A Food and Drug Administration (FDA) testing program has found cancer-causing benzene in soft drinks at levels averaging four times the standard for tap water. The brand names have not been released.

The test data were uncovered by the Environmental Working Group (EWG), which posted the test results on the group’s website, www.ewg.org

Highly elevated Benzene Levels

Between 1995-2001 the RDA tested 24 samples of diet soda for benzene. The result: 79% tested at levels above the federal limit for benzene in tap water, which is 5 parts per billion (ppb). The maximum benzene level detected was 55 ppb. In addition to the diet sodas, the FDA tested a number of other non-diet soft drinks. One cola was contaminated at 27 times the tap water limit, and fruit drink had a 95 ppb level.

“These results confirm our suspicions there are highly elevated benzene levels in some very popular drinks,” Richard Wiles, EWG’s senior vice president said in a press release.

Reaction Triggered by Preservatives

According to an article in beveragedaily.com, sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid in soft drinks can react together to form benzene. Sodium benzoate is a common preservative in soft drinks, and ascorbic acid is often added as an antioxidant to extend shelf life.

Negotiations between the FDA and the beverage industry in 1990 resulted in an agreement that the industry would voluntarily reformulate its soft drinks to prevent this combination. The recurrence of benzene contamination may be due to new soft drink manufacturers in the market who were not a part of, or aware of, the original negotiations.

Britain Pulls Soft Drinks from Shelves

In contrast to the U.S. situation, food safety campaigners in England were successful in having benzene –containing soft drinks removed from the supermarket shelves. The British Food Standards Agency pulled four soft drink brands which contained more than 1 ppb of benzene, and rushed out the results of tests on 149 drinks, including a range of fruit juice, iced tea, squash, fizzy and low-sugar drinks, according to The Times of London.

The Wellness Revolution and Contaminated Soft Drinks

The controversy over benzene in soft drinks is an example of how toxic exposure exists in our food and immediate environment. The constant exposure to toxics were-and especially our children—experience is a major cause of chronic illness.

In this situation, the organic products available for purchase in health food stores are especially vital. And since some exposure to toxics is unavoidable we must take advantage of the herbs and nutrients that support detoxification and the liver, the main organ of detoxification, as well as immunity for example, silymarin, N-acetyl cysteine, calcium D-glucarate, folic acid, Reishi and shiitake mushrooms, and turmeric.

Sources: www.ewg.org www.beveragedaily.com 02/25/06. Associated Press 04/11/06. www.fda.org.

Public Pressure forces Corporations to Curtail Most Soda Pop sales to schools

The Nation’s largest beverage distributors have agreed to halt nearly all soda sales to public schools, according to a deal announced may 3rd by the William J. Clinton Foundation.

The companies have agreed to sell only water, unsweetened juice and low fat milks to elementary and middle schools, according to a spokesman for former President Bill Clinton. Diet sodas would be sold only to high schools.

The deal follows a wave of criticism by school districts and state legislatures amid reports of rising childhood obesity. Soda has been a particular target because of its caloric content and popularity among children.

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Vitanet encurages safe drinking water and soft drinks!

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STS - Supplement Training Systems

Date: May 08, 2006 04:31 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: STS - Supplement Training Systems

STS – Supplement Training Systems

A New Line of Sports Nutrition Products from Nutraceutical

Accomplished body builder Dean Caputo and Nutraceutical Corporation recently joined forces to create the Supplement Training Systems brand. Their goal is to raise the bar for authenticity, quality, purity, and efficacy in the sports nutrition industry. The STS brand has the same high quality standards that you have come to expect from Nutraceutical Corporation.

The STS branded line comes in 3 main categories: Muscle/Strength, Diet/Energy and Health/Nutrition that is shown on the bottle to help guide customers in there choices. The unique frosted blue bottle was constructed to clearly show what’s inside each product. Our powders and two of our liquid products some in convenient single serving packets (PowerStix) serving sizes suitable for both men and women. The initial launch includes 25+ products with more products in the pipeline. Besides a complete line of products, STS has its own website www.sts-sports.com, newsletters and various tips and articles related to sports nutrition as well as Dean Caputo’s Personal Training and Diet Guide.

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Benefits of Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Date: February 12, 2006 01:55 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Benefits of Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Benefits

Supports cognitive function*

ALC has been studied for its effect on cognitive performance and emotional health in the elderly. In a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 481 elderly subjects exhibiting mild memory impairment improved their scores on a memory test after taking 1500 mg of ALC a day for 90 days.2 Hospitalized elderly people taking ALC have shown improvements in mental outlook.3 While ALC is not a treatment or cure for Alzheimer's disease, double-blind studies suggest it may help slow the rate at which early-stage Alzheimer's patients deteriorate.4 In particular, ALC seems to benefit short-term memory in these patients.5

Supports biosynthesis of acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter for brain and nerve function* Brain function requires coordinated communication between brain cells. Brain and nerve cells ("neurons") communicate across tiny cell-to-cell gaps called "synapses." The passage of an electrical impulse from one neuron to the next requires a "neurotransmitter." When an electrical signal arrives at the synaptic junction, the neuron releases a neurotransmitter into the synapse. The neuron on the other side of the synapse contains receptors for the neurotransmitter; these receptors bind the neurotransmitter, triggering a series of chemical events that sends a new electrical signal down the membrane of the receiving neuron. Neurotransmitters work together like an orchestra to transmit information throughout the brain and nervous system. Acetylcholine is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the body, regulating activities of vital organs, blood vessels and communication between nerves and muscles. In the brain, acetylcholine helps facilitate memory and learning as well as influence emotions. ALC is structurally similar to acetylcholine, and brain neurons stimulated by acetylcholine are receptive to stimulation by ALC.6 It has been shown experimentally that ALC supplies acetyl groups for the biosynthesis of acetylcholine.7 ALC's hypothesized cholinomimetic (acts like acetylcholine) activity has led researchers to investigate its effects on mental function and emotional health.8

Helps supply the brain with energy by improving energetics in the mitochondrion*

The acetyl groups donated by ALC can be used to synthesize acetyl-CoA, the key substrate for energy metabolism in the mitochondrion. 9 Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle, the mitochondrial mechanism that generates cellular energy in the form of ATP. ALC easily crosses the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to play various roles in maintaining brain neuron (nerve cell) function. When given by oral administration, the concentration of ALC is increased in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.10

Stabilizes intracellular membranes*

ALC was found to improve membrane phospholipid metabolism in early-stage Alzheimer's patients.11 Phospholipids are structural components of brain cell membranes that regulate neuron function. ALC donates acetyl groups that can be used to modify the functional activity of proteins in neuronal membranes.12 ALC thus plays a role in maintaining membrane function. ALC also increases membrane stability and structural integrity.13

Increases nerve growth factor production*

The body produces various specialized proteins called "growth factors" which are essential to growth and repair of tissue. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) protects neurons from death, prolonging survival of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is theorized that aging of the central nervous system is associated with a loss of NGF. ALC has shown the ability to reverse age-related decrease in the binding of NGF to its receptors in neuron membranes.14 Given to aged rats, ALC increases the level and utilization of NGF in the rats. ALC protects cholinergic neurons (nerve cells stimulated by acetylcholine) in rats from degeneration due to lack of NGF.15 These results, together with other data from animal studies, suggest that ALC positively influences NGF activity.16

Has a protective influence on brain neurons*

Several animal studies have revealed that ALC exerts a protective effect on neurons. In one experiment, brain cells from rats exposed to NMDA, a known neurotoxin, were protected by being simultaneously exposed to ALC.17 Rats injected with ALC were protected from mortality caused by the neurotoxin MPP+.18 ALC has been shown to raise levels of glutathione, a highly valuable antioxidant, in isolated mouse brain tissue.19 ALC prevents buildup of malondyhaldeyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation.20 ALC is also a chelator of iron, which can generate free radicals. It also reinforces antioxidant mechanisms in the brain.21 As a whole, data from test tube and animal studies, showing that ALC has a protective, restorative effect on brain neurons and neuronal energetic processes, suggest that ALC is an anti-aging nutrient for the brain. This hypothesis is supported by human studies demonstrating measurable benefits for brain function in elderly persons taking ALC by oral consumption.

Safety
Suggested Adult Use: 1 to 4 capsules daily.
ALC is considered safe and well-tolerated when consumed orally. ALC has been administered in doses as high as 3 grams per day for periods of two to six months, with no reports of serious side effects. Some patients have experienced occasional mild abdominal discomfort, nausea, skin rash, restlessness, vertigo and headache. The severity and incidence of these side effects are reported as minor.22

Scientific References
1. Pettegrew, JW, Levine, J, McClure, RJ. Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression. Molecular Psychiatry 2000;5:616-32.
2. Salvioli, G. Neri , M. L-acetylcarnitine treatment of mental decline in the elderly. Drugs Exptl. Clin. Res. 1994; 20(4):169-76.
3. Tempesta, E, et al. L-acetylcarnitine in depressed elderly subjects. A cross-over study vs. placebo. Drugs Exptl. Clin. Res. 1987;8(7):417-23.
4. Spagnoli, A et al. Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1991;41:1726-32.
5. Rai, G et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Curr. Med Res. Opin. 1990;11:638-47.
6. Falchetto, S, Kato, G, Provini, L. The action of carnitines on cortical neurons. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1971; 49(1):1:7.
7. Dolezal, V., Tucek, S. Utilization of citrate, acetylcarnitine, acetate, pyruvate and glucose for the synthesis of acetylcholine in rat brain slices. J Neurochem 1981;36(4):1323.30.
8. Passeri, M, et al. Mental impairment in aging: selection of patients, methods of evaluation and therapeutic possibilities of acetyl-L-carnitine. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res. 1988;8(5):367-76.
9. Pettegrew, JW, Levine, J, McClure, RJ. Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression. Molecular Psychiatry 2000;5:616-32.
10. Parnetti, L, et al. Pharmacokinetics of IV and oral acetyl-L-carnitine in multiple dose regimen in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Eur. J. Clin Pharmacol 1992;42:89-93.
11. Pettegrew, JW, et al. Clinical and neurochemical effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging 1995;16(1):1-4.
12. Pettegrew, JW, Levine, J, McClure, RJ. Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression. Molecular Psychiatry 2000;5:616-32.
13. Arduni, A, et al. Effect of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on the human erythrocyte membrane stability and deformability. Life Sci 1990;47(26):2395-2400.
14. Taglialatela, G, et al. Stimulation of nerve growth factor receptors in PC12 by acetyl-L-carnitine. Biochem Pharmacol 1992;44(3):577-85.
15. Taglialatela, G, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment increases nerve growth factor levels and choline acetyltransferase activity in the central nervous system of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 1994;29(1):55-56.
16. Pettegrew, JW, Levine, J, McClure, RJ. Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression. Molecular Psychiatry 2000;5:616-32.
17. Forloni, G, Angeretti, N, Smiroldo, S. Neuroprotective activity of acetyl-L-carnitine: studies in vitro. J Neurosci Res 1994;37(1):92-6.
18. Steffen, V, et al. Effect of intraventricular injection of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: protection by acetyl-L-carnitine. Hum Exp Toxicol 1995;14(11):865-71.
19. Fariello, RG, et al. Systemic acetyl-L-carnitine elevates nigral levels of glutathione and GABA. Life Sci 1988;43(3):289-92.
20. Calvani, M, et al. Action of acetyl-L-carnitine in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Ann Ny Acad Sci 1992;663:483-86.
21. Calvani, M, Carta, A. Clues to the mechanism of action of acetyl-L-carnitine in the central nervous system. Dementia 1991;2:1-6.
22. Zdanowicz, M. Acetyl-L-carnitine's healing potential. Continuing Education Module. New Hope Institute of Retailing. October, 2001.

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Thyroid Health

Date: January 05, 2006 10:29 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Thyroid Health

Fact: Millions of Americans trying to lose weight are horrified to see their bathroom scales inching uncontrollably upwards.

And these numbers increase every single year. Making matters worse, many of these same people are shocked to find their energy levels slipping inexorably downwards. I guess I’ve just got a slow metabolism…” “You can’t get as much done when you start getting older…” “Why am I always so cold?” Sound a little too familiar? What if there was a safe and natural way to energize your metabolism and keep it operating at its youthful, maximum efficiency? While it is true that metabolism slows somewhat with age, its not inevitable that every one of us is destined to end up with more weight to move around and less energy to get there. There are people in their 30’s, 40’s, 50’s, 60’s and beyond with all the vibrant energy they need. There are people who end every day with a list of important accomplishments completed. So what’s their secret? It may well be a healthy, fully functioning thyroid.The human thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck that wraps around the trachea. It has but one job - to produce the two critical thyroid hormones we need to keep our metabolism efficient. In fact, these hormones are indispensable for our bodies to convert calories into energy – and that’s the crux of metabolism. These two hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxine, or T3 and T4 respectively, are produced in the thyroid when the iodine in our system teams up with the amino acid L-tyrosine. Sounds simple, right?

Think again. Human metabolism is a highly intricate process that can be adversely affected by a wealth of variables. One important variable that we can control, is the nutrient mix our thyroid keeps on hand to operate. In order for metabolism to occur with any respectable level of effectiveness, the body must have a full supply of thyroid supporting nutrients on hand at all times. If you aren’t willing to deliver the nutrients it needs to function properly, chances are, it won’t be able to do what it’s supposed to (which is to keep your metabolism fired up and your energy resources fully charged).Don’t despair. There is good news. Encouraging and maintaining healthy thyroid function may be easier than you might imagine. This master gland of metabolism is often very responsive to the right combination of thyroid supporting nutrients.

Yes, a healthy diet will promote a healthy thyroid, but some of the nutrients that are especially helpful in supporting healthy thyroid function are not likely to be found in your local market. That is, unless you happen to be shopping in India or Ireland. So just what are the critical nutrients for a healthy, energized thyroid? L-Tyrosine. This amino acid plays an essential role in the production of thyroid hormones, in addition to hormones that affect mood including epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. And while our body can naturally produce some Tyrosine from other amino acids, as we age, our bodies may not be able to keep up with the needs of a demanding thyroid. During metabolism, tyrosine joins forces with iodine in order to produce the thyroid hormones needed to efficiently convert (metabolize) the calories from our diet into expendable energy. A weak reserve of tyrosine can leave us feeling sluggish. As a result, our body reacts by storing more calories as fat for energy.

Iodine. Another key player in the metabolism game. Without it, metabolism simply can not take place. The thyroid is the only gland in the human body capable of absorbing this trace element. Typically found in shellfish and iodized salts, iodine is stored in the thyroid gland until needed for the production of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine. When combined with L-tyrosine and other nutrients these two work synergistically to produce T3 and T4 thyroid hormone. Moreover, iodine deficiencies have been linked to the formation of goiters, decreased energy and lack of concentration.

Irish Moss. A natural vegetarian source of many thyroid-supporting nutrients, including Iodine, a key component in healthy metabolism. Irish moss has been consumed for thousands of years, and many herbalists encourage its use to contribute to sound glandular health.

Selenium. This naturally occuring trace mineral is well known for its strong antioxidant properties and natural synergism with other vitamins. Supplementing with selenium is essential for anyone concerned with sluggish thyroid performance.

Guggul. Technically known as Guggulsterone, the Gug¬gul tree is native to India, and emits a resinous sap that has been used for centuries as part of India’s traditional medicine known as Ayurveda. Studies have shown that the purified plant sterol extract from Guggulsterone can promote healthy thyroid function, and assist the body in maintaining normal production of thyroxine and triiodo¬thyronine.

Simply put, the thyroid gland relies heavily on a host supporting nutrients to produce the hormones needed to ensure that metabolism goes off without a hitch. Without these vital nutrients, our ability to metabolize food may slow down. Here’s an easy way to remember how this process works. The less thyroid supporting nutrients we have, the less thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) we produce.

The less thyroid hormone we produce, the less efficient our metabolic process becomes. The less effective our metabolic process becomes, the less energy we produce. The less energy we produce, the more prone we are to weight gain and fatigue.

NOW® Thyroid Energy was scientifically formulated to help maintain healthy thyroid function by incorporating a powerful blend of thyroid sup¬porting nutrients. With a full gram of L-Tyrosine (the direct precursor to thyroid hormone production) in addition to Iodine from Kelp, Selenium, Guggul, Zinc, Copper and a perfectly balanced blend of B vitamins, NOW® Thyroid energy just may be the boost you’ve been looking for.

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Omega-3

Date: January 03, 2006 09:00 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Omega-3

In the mid 70’s, a team of European researchers ventured off to Greenland to study the unique lifestyle of native Inuit Eskimos. They couldn’t have possibly imagined how signifi cant their findings would be. The Inuits’ diet was simple and consisted primarily of fatty fi sh – whale, salmon, sardine, seal, and mackerel. No surprise there. What did surprise researchers was how unexplainably healthy these natives were. Strong hearts. Clear skin. Powerful joints. All this from a diet that contained towering amounts of fat. This fat-fueled lifestyle bewildered researchers. Then the connection was made. These fatty foods were loaded with substances that the body must have in order to remain healthy – omega-3 essential fatty acids. Fast forwarding 30 years, fish oil supplements aren’t just popular, they’re they’re popular nutritional threads that help weave the fabric of human wellness.

Understanding EFA
We refer to essential fatty acids (EFA) as essential for a reason. They are vital to human health despite the body’s inability to manufacture its own supply. For this reason, they must be obtained through the diet or supplementation. Fish oil contains two of the most biologically active fatty acids; EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexanoic acid) with the most common sources being deep-sea, cold-water fish. Thanks to a lifetime of oxidative stress, the body is in a constant state of self-repair. In order to do this, it needs a generous cache of healthy, unsaturated fats capable of constructing cell membranes that are elastic and functional. This makes it easier for the heart to return to a normal resting state. A deficiency in good fat forces the body to use saturated fat in the construction of new cells. As the body’s reserve of saturated fat begins to outnumber the unsaturated, the cardiovascular process becomes more and more compromised.

In the fall of 2004, after reviewing years of convincing studies, the FDA approved the use of a qualified claim for omega-3 EFA. It states that “supportive but not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease”. When you consider how selective the FDA is in qualifying health claims, this becomes even more impressive. The benefi ts of fi sh oils don’t stop at the cardiovascular system, however. A wealth of studies have been conducted examining their role in depression, mood, vision, skin, immune system function, pregnancy, joint health and migraines just to name a few.

EFA for a Healthy Heart
Omega-3 fi sh oil has become synonymous with cardiovascular integrity, and is supported by years of substantiated research. Many of these studies suggest that omega-3 plays a key role in maintaining healthy cholesterol levels, normalizing blood pressure range and supporting a healthy heart beat. It also serves as a natural blood thinner capable of preventing platelet aggregation; a condition where coronary blood fl ow becomes sticky and prone to clotting. Finally, fish oil has been shown to help boost HDL (good) cholesterol while lowering triglycerides within the normal range.

Omega-3 and Healthy Mood
A now famous Harvard study (Stoll et al., 1999) determined that individuals suffering from manic and mood disorders collectively exhibit low levels of EPA and DHA. During this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, nearly 75% of the subjects treated with omega- 3 experienced relief from their symptoms. According to Dr. Stoll, “Our study results indicate that fi sh oil does possess the elements needed to stabilize mood.”

Say Goodbye to Inflammation
A growing number of individuals who live with stiff joints, inflammation and occasional aches are turning to omega-3 fi sh oil. Within the body, DHA and EPA compounds are converted into powerful anti-inflammatory agents known as prostaglandins. Many users have reported that supplementation has helped them reduce the frequency at which they consumed NSAIDS (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).

Choosing a quality formula
When the time comes to choose, nothing is more important than selecting a quality formula that’s been tested for safety and purity. NOW takes the guesswork out of searching for omega-3 supplements that are safe and effective. Our comprehensive selection of premium fi sh oil is subject to strict testing, thorough screening and a mandatory purifi cation process. NOW’s Quality Control and Quality Assurance departments verify the use of several purifi cation processes that help reduce PCBs, dioxins, toxic heavy metals and other contaminants to non-detectable levels.*

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Super Cortisol Support Fact Sheet

Date: December 08, 2005 07:04 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Super Cortisol Support Fact Sheet

Super Cortisol Support Fact Sheet

Neil E. Levin, CCN, DANLA 10/1/05

LIKELY USERS: People under a lot of stress; People who suffer from stress-related eating; People who may have metabolic syndrome (Syndrome X);

KEY INGREDIENTS: Relora®13, Rhodiola14-20, Reishi 21-24, Green Tea Extract25-32, Holy Basil, Ashwaganda, Banaba, Pantothenic Acid, Calcium Ascorbate, Magnesium, Lecithin, Chromium

MAIN PRODUCT FEATURES: NOW® Super Cortisol Support is an herbal and nutritional formula designed to support healthy adrenal function and maintain healthy cortisol levels. The adrenal glands help the body respond and adjust to stress generated from both internal and external forces. Under chronic stress, cortisol can be overproduced, resulting in weight gain and difficulty in managing healthy blood sugar levels. Super Cortisol Support combines adaptogenic herbs with Chromium, Corosolic Acid and Relora® to help the body manage the negative effects of stress such as abdominal obesity, overeating and low energy levels.

ADDITIONAL PRODUCT USE INFORMATION & QUALITY ISSUES:

Reishi, Rhodiola, Ashwaganda, and Holy Basil support healthy energy levels throughout the day1-6. Reishi, Rhodiola, Ashwaganda, and Holy Basil support healthy immunity1-9. Along with Chromium, and Corosolic Acid, these herbs also help to support healthy serum glucose levels1-12. Relora® has been included in this formula to alleviate symptoms associated with stress such as irritability and nervous tension13.

This formula is recommended by Hyla Cass, MD.

This is the first Cortisol formula to use Relora®, a natural proprietary blend of a patented (U.S. Patent No. US 6,582,735) extract of Magnolia officinalis and a patent-pending extract from Phellodendron amurense. Relora® was developed as an ingredient for dietary supplements and functional foods that could be used in stress management and for stress-related appetite control. This patented blend of plant extracts is the result of screening more than fifty plant fractions from traditional plant medicines used around the world. Relora® has excellent stress management properties without causing sedation. Overweight adults may have excessive abdominal fat due to stress-related overeating. Relora® appears to maintain healthy hormone levels in stressed individuals and act as an aid in controlling weight and stress-related eating.33

SERVING SIZE & HOW TO TAKE IT: One capsule, two to three times a day.

COMPLEMENTARY PRODUCTS: Holy Basil, Green Tea, L-Theanine, Licorice Root, Vitamin C, Eleuthero Root, Pantothenic acid

CAUTIONS: None.

SPECIFIC: Some of these ingredients may support the body’s blood sugar controls, so people taking blood sugar medications should inform their physician before using Super Cortisol Support, and their glucose should be monitored when taking this formula so their medication strength can be modulated appropriately to avoid an overdose of medication. No side effects have been noted for this dosage of Relora®.

GENERAL: Pregnant and lactating women, children and people using prescription drugs should consult their physician before taking any dietary supplement. This information is based on my own knowledge and references, and should not be used as diagnosis, prescription or as a specific product claim. This document has not been reviewed by the FDA or by the company posting it. Information given here may vary from what is shown on the product label because this represents my own professional experience and understanding of the science underlying the formula and ingredients. When taking any new formula, use common sense and cautiously increase to the full dose over time.

Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

REFERENCES:

1. Spasov AA, Wikman GK, Mandrikov VB, Mironova IA, Neumoin VV (2000) Phytomedicine 7(2):85-89.
2. Darbinyan V, Kteyan A, Panossian A, Gabrielian E, Wikman G, Wagner H (2000) Phytomedicine 7(5):365-371.
3. Bhattacharya SK, Battacharya A, Sairam K, Ghosal S (2000) Phytomedicine 7(6):463-469.
4. Sembulingam K, Sembulingam P, Namasivayam A (1997) Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 41(2):139-143.
5. Archana R, Namasivayam A (2000) J Ethnopharmacol 73:81-85.
6. Lin Z-B, Zhang H-N (2004) Acta Pharmacol Sin 25(11):1387-1395.
7. Monograph (2002) Alt Med Rev 7(5):421-423.
8. Agarwal R, Divanay S, Patki P, Patwardhan B (1999) J Ethnopharmacol 67:27-35.
9. Archana R, Namasivayam A (2000) J Ethnopharmacol 73:81-85.
10. Vincent JB (2000) J Nutr 130:715-718. 11. Judy WV, Hari SP, Stogsdill WW, Judy JS, Naguib YMA, Passwater R (2003) J Ethnopharmacol 81)1):115-117.
12. Lin Z-B, Zhang H-N (2004) Acta Pharmacol Sin 25(2):191-195.
13. Maruyama Y, Kuribara H, Morita M, Yuzurihara M, Weintraub ST (1998) J Nat Prod 61:135-138.
14. Brown RP, et al. American Botanical Council. Rhodiola rosea: a phytomedicinal overview. g/herbalgram/articleview.asp?a=2333.
15. Kelly GS. Rhodiola rosea: a possible plant adaptogen. Alt Med Rev 2001;3(6):293-302.
16. De Bock K, et al. Acute rhodiola rosea intake can improve endurance exercise performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2004;14:298-307.
17. Shevtsov VA, et al. A randomized trial of two different doses of a SHR-5 rhodiola rosea extract versus placebo and control of capacity for mental work. Phytomedicine 2003;2-3(10):95-105.
18. Shugarman AE. Men’s Fitness, 2002. As reported on: LookSmart FindArticles. Energy pills that work: can these five supplements help unleash the muscle building power within you? ttp://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1608/is_3_18/ai_83343009/
19. Earnest CP, et al. Effects of a commercial herbal-based formula on exercise performance in cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36(3):504-9.
20. Wing SL, et al. Lack of effect of rhodiola or oxygenated water supplementation on hypoxemia and oxidative stress. Wilderness Env Med 2003;14(1):9-16.
21. Shu HY. Oriental Materia Medica: A Concise Guide. Palos Verdes, CA: Oriental Healing Arts Press, 1986, 640–1. 22. Kammatsuse K, Kajiware N, Hayashi K. Studies on Ganoderma lucidum: I. Efficacy against hypertension and side effects. Yakugaku Zasshi 1985;105:531–3.
23. Jin H, Zhang G, Cao X, et al. Treatment of hypertension by ling zhi combined with hypotensor and its effects on arterial, arteriolar and capillary pressure and microcirculation. In: Nimmi H, Xiu RJ, Sawada T, Zheng C. (eds). Microcirculatory Approach to Asian Traditional Medicine. New York: Elsevier Science, 1996, 131–8.
24. 9. Hobbs C. Medicinal Mushrooms. Santa Cruz, CA: Botanica Press, 1995, 96–107.
25. Kono S, Shinchi K, Ikeda N, et al. Green tea consumption and serum lipid profiles: A cross-sectional study in Northern Kyushu, Japan. Prev Med 1992;21:526–31.
26. Yamaguchi Y, Hayashi M, Yamazoe H, et al. Preventive effects of green tea extract on lipid abnormalities in serum, liver and aorta of mice fed an atherogenic diet. Nip Yak Zas 1991;97:329–37.
27. Sagesaka-Mitane Y, Milwa M, Okada S. Platelet aggregation inhibitors in hot water extract of green tea. Chem Pharm Bull 1990;38:790–3.
28. Stensvold I, Tverdal A, Solvoll K, et al. Tea consumption. Relationship to cholesterol, blood pressure, and coronary and total mortality. Prev Med 1992;21:546–53.
29. Tsubono Y, Tsugane S. Green tea intake in relation to serum lipid levels in middle-aged Japanese men and women. Ann Epidemiol 1997;7:280–4.
30. Serafini M, Ghiselli A, Ferro-Luzzi A. In vivo antioxidant effect of green tea in man. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50:28–32.
31. Benzie IF, Szeto YT, Strain JJ, Tomlinson B. Consumption of green tea causes rapid increase in plasma antioxidant power in humans. Nutr Cancer 1999;34:83–7.
32. Sasazuki S, Komdama H, Yoshimasu K, et al. Relation between green tea consumption and severity of coronary atherosclerosis among Japanese men and women. Ann Epidemiol 2000;10:401–8.
33. Sufka KJ, et al. Anxiolytic properties of botanical extracts in the chick social separation-stress procedure.Psychopharmacology. 2001 Jan 1;153(2):219-24. PMID: 11205

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Bird Flu Vaccine in short supply !!

Date: November 26, 2005 02:23 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Bird Flu Vaccine in short supply !!

U.S Unprepared for Bird Flu Pandemic

Vaccine in short supply.

Officials worldwide are preparing for the worst, as bird flu spreads through asia and into Europe, resulting in the death of 140million chickens and ducks. Meanwhile waterfowl travel their migratory paths, shedding virus contaminated feathers, droppings and saliva into the water, air and soil.

Human cases of avian flue have so far been limited to individuals who had direct contact with sick birds. Experts, however, believe the virus could mutate into a form easily transmitted from human to human. The current strain, known as H5N1, is particularly lethal; it has killed 61 people—half of those infected.

A few times each century, flu pandemics sweep the world. One of the worst, the 1918 flu, killed 50 million people; it was also a bird flu, which jumped directly to humans. The grimmest forecast today is a pandemic that could kill millions. And, among developed nations, the united states is one of the least prepared.

After Delay, U.S. Must Wait in Line.

Congress and the President are considering spending billions to buy the drub tamiflu, which has been shown to reduce the duration and severity of bird flu. A few months ago, the manufacturer could have delivered much of this supply; now, orders placed by other countries have exhausted production capacity for the next two years, according to the New York Times. U.S. health agencies have 2 million doses on hand, enough to treat 1% of the population.

A Military Response?

Anticipating a crisis, President Bush asked Congress to consider using the military to enforce a quarantine, and requested a review of the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, which prohibits the armed forces from engaging in domestic policing. Critics question the effectiveness of a military response to a health problem, and point out that authorities can already call in the National Guard to deal with civil disorders.

Contagious Disease and the Wellness Revolution.

Concentrations of poverty, especially in Asia; huge, crowded farms and factories; poor hygiene; insufficient public health facilities; companies that refuse to produce unprofitable vaccines—all must be addressed to prevent future pandemics.

Meanwhile, individuals must do all they can to protect themselves. Wash your hands often and keep them away from your eyes and nose. Avoid contact with people who have respiratory illnesses. Clean surfaces used to prepare raw poultry with hot, soapy water, and cook poultry thoroughly. With so many potential assaults on your health, a wise strategy that is at the very core of the wellness revolution is to strengthen your immune system. Get enough sleep, take good daily multiple, and visit your health food store for a wide range of immune-boosting herbs and special nutrients to help you stay well this winter.

Sources: After Delay, U.S. Faces Line of Flu Drug, New York Times, 10/7/05; U.S. Warns of Future Flu Pandemic, Associated press, 10/10/05; Review of the monster at our door: the global threat of avian flue by Mike Davis.

Bird Flu Facts:

Symptoms: fever, cough, sore throat, aches, pneumonia.

Virulence of current strain: kills 100% of birds, 50% of humans.

Projected U.S. Pandemic Death toll: ½ million.

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Date: August 30, 2005 01:22 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)

Kiss Herbal Supplements Goodbye

Healthful herbal therapies face a new attack in Congress.

If people let government decide what foods they eat and what medicines they take, their bodies will soon be in as sorry a state as are the souls of those who live under tyranny. – Thomas Jefferson

Our third president recognized the devastating health and liberty implications of allowing governments to dictate what people eat. One can only imagine the disgust with which Jefferson would regard elected officials who are currently betraying core American freedoms by working to revoke our rights to choose what foods we put in our bodies.

In 1994, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) estabilished that dietary supplements are foods. Its passage was a shinning moment of democracy that resonated with Jefferson’s beliefs on health freedom, as millions of Americans raised their voices to preserve our right to safe, natural supplements.

DSHEA Under Attack

But now, as countless people use supplements to enhance their health, some officials are tampering with the DSHEA. HR 3156, the dietary supplement access & awareness act introduced by representative Susan Davis (D-CA), is designed to deny Americans access to the supplements they rely upon for good health. Should HR3156 pass, herbal supplements will be subject to risk benefits analysis, under which adverse event reporting will empower the FDA to ban herbal supplement sales.

Inexplicably, the bill pays no heed to the amount of herbal supplement associated with an adverse event. In other words, if someone ingests an unreasonably excessive amount of a herbal remedy, and as result experiences an adverse event, that would be enough for the FDA to ban that supplement—even if the overwhelming majority of consumers experienced positive benefits by using the supplement properly. This caveat, in addition to the relative ease with which an adverse event could falsely be linked to herbal supplements, has the potential to enable widespread, groundless bans of these health-enhancing, time-tested therapies.

Fight Back, Right Now!

We must act now to prevent the passage of HR 3156. For America’s sake, we must fight the forces in Congress that wish to ban our access to herbal supplements. In the name of democracy we must ensure that our elected officials are representing our interests and not furthering their own agendas. Without your immediate support, America’s health will be compromised as herbal supplements, one by one are banned under false pretenses.

To Quote Jefferson once again, “Never put off ‘till tomorrow what you can do today.” The need for your support is urgent, so please fax your representatives in congress today and urge them to oppose that passage of HR 3156. Contacting elected officials is fast and easy; visit www.NHA2005.com and use revolutionary technology that helps you compose faxes to congress. Become a good health ambassador; educate your friends on this gross impingement on our health freedom and encourage them to join the fight against health tyranny!

Fax the architects of HR 3156, Susan Davis (Fax: 202-225-2948), John Dingell (Fax: 202-226-0371) and Henry Waxman (Fax: 202-225-4099), and let them know that if they revoke your health freedom, you’ll vote for your health-care interests in the next election! It is only with your help that we can win the fight to keep safe, healthy supplements in our lives. For health, Freedom and liberty, visit www.NHA2005.com and Join the NHA Today.

PADMA BASIC: A Tibetan Herbal Formula

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Ginko . . . A Cure for the Common Cold?

Date: June 25, 2005 11:54 AM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Ginko . . . A Cure for the Common Cold?

Ginko . . . A Cure for the Common Cold?

In his book, Secrets of the Chinese Herbalists, Richard Lucas says, “According to a German newspaper, Dr. Joachim H. Volkner, a nose, ear and throat specialist is Berlin, announced the discovery of a lightning cure for the common cold. Dr. Volkner found that if a person inhales an essence prepared from the leaves of the ginkgo tree, his cold will improve.” Two hundred and twenty-four people tried the ginkgo treatment and the results were dramatic, to say the least.

The German reportstated, “The inflamed areas healed immediately.”9 Lucas goes on, “Dr. Volkner confesses that he hasn’t as yet identified the exact substance in the ginkgo leaves that produces the therapeutic effects, but he does explain how the treatment works. When a person catches a cold, the cells of the mucous membranes are damaged and are unable to store moisture . The efficiency of the cell walls becomes impaired because substances in the cell press against these walls. Apparently, the ginkgo essence forces these components of the cell back into its interior. Dr. Volkner explains that ‘the microbes which have collected inside die off, and very shortly after inhalation of the ginkgo essence they completely disappear.’” 10

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PADMA BASIC: A Tibetan Herbal Formula

Date: June 21, 2005 05:27 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: PADMA BASIC: A Tibetan Herbal Formula

By Isaac Eliaz, M.D.

"As an integrated system of health care, Tibetan medicine can offer allopathic medicine a different perspective on health. However, like other scientific systems, it must be understood in its own terms, as well as in the context of objective investigation. In practice it can also offer Western people another approach to achieving happiness through health and balance." --His Holiness the Dalai Lama, May 16, 1997

In this article I want to discuss a Tibetan-based herbal formula that reflects the philosophy outlined by H.H. the Dalai Lama. PADMA BASIC® is an extensively researched formulation that bridges the gap between Classical Tibetan Medicine and the modern Western medical paradigm. With over 50 published scientific papers spanning the last 30 years, PADMA's popularity among Western medical professionals can be attributed to its history of safe use and its health-enhancing properties. The original formula, used for centuries as a cardiovascular tonic and to counteract "heat" (inflammatory processes or infections), made its way to Europe by the first half of the 20th century. Acceptance of an ancient Tibetan formula into the Western medical tradition requires sensitivity to both the original Tibetan intention, and the rigorous requirements of the international pharmaceutical community. Today PADMA BASIC is produced in accordance with strict manufacturing guidelines. The herbs are grown organically, or meticulously tested to ensure they are not contaminated. Ingredients are verified using thin layer or high pressure liquid chromatography. While the highest "scientific Western methods" are used, traditional Tibetan "scientific methods" of smelling and tasting are also followed.

PADMA BASIC can be understood from two viewpoints. In Classical Tibetan Medicine, good health means maintaining a dynamic equilibrium of universal elemental forces. Illness is a manifestation of imbalance. Therapeutic intervention aims at restoring balance by treating the cause, not just the symptoms. Within this traditional model, PADMA has three functions:

* Padma is a cooling formula.

* Padma enhances the movement of wind.

* Padma vitalizes blood (a result of moving wind). To the Western medical practitioner, untrained in Classical Tibetan Medicine, these concepts provide little practical guidance. However, we can examine such energetic terms in relation to "Western Physiology."

* Cooling effect: Our body systems reflect our Western lifestyle, which tends to "excess heat" caused by running too fast without a break; eating on the run, not sleeping enough, etc. The result is inflammation, the hallmark of imbalances involving our cardiovascular and immune systems, cell health, and much more. Since inflammation causes oxidative stress, such a formula has profound antioxidant value.

* Enhancing wind: This concept relates to flow in the body. When substances heat up they get sticky and do not move harmoniously. In Western medicine this translates to issues such as hyperviscosity or blood thickness, and circulatory imbalances.

* Vitalizing blood: As the system cools and flows harmoniously, circulation improves, influencing multiple systems from memory to cardiovascular health to immunity. Following the Western medical paradigm, extensive clinical research demonstrates that PADMA supports circulation, cardiovascular health and immunity, moderates inflammation, and has antioxidant effects. From a pharmaceutical point of view, its compounds can be classified into functional groups, including tannins (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cleansing), polyphenols/flavonoids (immune and circulatory support, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative), and essential oils (digestive support, cleansing, anti-inflammatory, immuno-stimulating). Research shows that the circulatory and cardiovascular benefits of PADMA BASIC are partly due to its antioxidants. These compounds promote arterial health and normal blood flow, which, in turn, supports oxygen supply to the heart, extremities, and all living systems. They also protect blood lipids from oxidation, shown in controlled studies to contribute to detrimental vascular effects. While specific nutrients are beneficial, the synergy created by combining ingredients far exceeds their individual effects. It is the unique integration quoted by H.H. the Dalai Lama that is responsible for such benefits. As we move forward to understand and research ancient formulas, it is my belief and clinical experience that we need to respect and preserve their origin and traditional indications.

PADMA BASIC

Ingredients: Iceland moss (Cetraria islandica), Costus root, neem fruit (Azadirachtaindica), Cardamom fruit, Red Saunders heart wood (Pterocarpus santalinus), chebulic myrobalan fruit (Terminalia chebula), Allspice fruit, bael tree fruit (Aegle marmelos), Calcium Sulfate, Columbine aerial part (Aquilegia vulgaris), English Plantain aerial part, Licorice root, Knotweed aerial part (Polygonum aviculare), Golden cinquefoil aerial part (Potentilla aurea), Clove flower, Spiked ginger lily rhizome (Hedychium spicatum), Valerian root, Lettuce leaf (Lactuca sativa), Calendula flower, Natural Camphor (Cinnammum camphora).

Dr. Isaac Eliaz is a medical doctor and licensed acupuncturist with extensive training in complementary modalities. For 15 years, his practice has centered on the integrative treatment of cancer. He has been involved in numerous studies investigating the effects of nutritional supplements on cancer and has been granted two patents.

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Winter Survival Kit

Date: June 13, 2005 07:35 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Winter Survival Kit

Winter Survival Kit by Joanne Gallo Energy Times, February 4, 2000

Now that the flesh-baring season is but a distant memory, skin care may have dropped off your list of priorities. But unless you're planning on hibernating until May, Old Man Winter can play a cruel joke on your smooth, glowing complexion-causing cumulative damage not easily remedied. Defend yourself with our survival kit and keep the harsh elements from wreaking havoc on your outer sheath.

Winter Blast

Frigid temperatures and blustery winds take their toll on everyone's skin, whether it's normal, oily or dry. Cold dry air, combined with arid indoor heat, results in less natural sebum (oil) production. This oil acts as a protective barrier that helps hold moisture on the surface of the skin; hence less sebum leads to a rough and dry exterior. Icy winds can also cause redness as the stress induces tiny capillaries just underneath the skin's surface to burst.

So the first order of business for winter skincare is preserving your skin's moisture. Along with external methods of bundling up all exposed areas, dietary habits can help preserve moisture internally.

Skincare consultant Lynn J. Parentini, author of The Joy of Healthy Skin: A Lifetime Guide to Beautiful, Problem-Free Skin (Prentice Hall), suggests reducing your intake of coffee and tea, which act as diuretics; eating lots of fresh fruits and vegetables, which contain natural, vitamin-rich moisture; and increasing the amount of water you drink (those daily recommended eight glasses of water are even more important in winter).

A Cleansing Experience

Bathing can strip skin of its natural oils, so you should be careful of washing with overdrying soaps. Avoid deodorant soaps with harsh detergents which can irritate the skin, and look for milder soaps with moisturizers or a skin-softening shower gel. Neutrogena Rainbath Shower & Bath Gels gently cleanse and condition skin with a rich, full lather that won't leave a residue. Showers tend to be less drying than baths, but if you prefer soaking in a tub you can use bath oil to lubricate the skin. Also avoid very hot showers and baths as they can pull moisture out of the body.

For extremely dry and sensitive skin, shower at night and follow with a rich moisturizer. Skin then can replenish its protective oils before the morning's icy blast.

Skin Savers

Now's the time to use a heavier cream moisturizer to counteract all these dehydrating forces, so finding the right one is imperative. In simpler times, choosing a body moisturizer came down to which one possessed the most pleasing smell. Today, lotions are formulated with nutrients and natural ingredients for powerful, soothing benefits. • CAMOCARE Soothing Cream contains patented Camillosan Camomile, a natural anti-inflammatory. This thick, therapeutic cream is great for dry patches on hands or elbows.

• Curel Ultra Protective Concentrated Antioxidant Moisturizer with SPF 15 features an exclusive "cationic technology" that delivers a high level of long-lasting hydration, as well as antioxidants like vitamin E to protect against environmental elements that can cause damage and premature aging.

• Nivea Creme, developed in 1911, reportedly smooths roughness even 12 hours after being applied. More than 98% of Nivea's ingredients are natural, and its Eucerit base resembles human sebum.

Face the Season

Faces need extra-special protection during winter, as moisturizers do double duty to fight the elements and aging. Many formulas contain alpha (AHA) and beta hydroxy acids: gentle exfoliants that slough off the top layer of dead skin cells to allow younger, smoother-looking skin to emerge. • Oil of Olay's Age Defying Series: Protective Renewal Lotion contains moisturizers, a beta-hydroxy complex, vitamin E and SPF 15. • Neutrogena Healthy Skin Face Lotion is formulated with alpha-hydroxy acids to ease lines, blotches and discoloration; vitamin A and pro-vitamin B5 to increase firmness and moisture levels; and antioxidant vitamins C and E to fight free radical damage and protect new skin.

Sun Damage

So you think the sun is the least of your problems in the winter? Better reflect on that matter again. The general public has finally warmed up to wearing sunblock in the summer, but year-round protection against ultraviolet (UV) rays is crucial to avoid premature aging.

There are two types of UV rays, UVA and UVB: the former are responsible for aging and the latter for burning. Although UVB rays produce a more blatant sign of skin damage, it is limited to the epidermis, or outer layer of the skin.

UVA rays, on the other hand, don't cause any discomfort, but they penetrate deep to the dermis or second layer of skin. Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania Department of Dermatology have shown that chronic exposure to sunlight can cause holes and breaks in the elastin and collagen fibers that give the skin its shape, definition and supple quality. This damage is what is known as "photoaging." Severely photoaged skin appears dry, scaly, leathery, spotted and deeply wrinkled.

While the burning UVB rays are most intense during the summer months, UVA rays are prevalent year-round. Their effect on the skin is cumulative, so that the more you're exposed the more likely your skin is to age prematurely. And as only 14% of Americans wear sunscreen year-round (according to the American Academy of Dermatology), most of us are getting more UVA exposure than we realize.

" New clinical evidence proves that sun damages the skin much faster than previously thought," notes Zoe Draelos, MD, clinical associate professor of dermatology at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. "It only takes small amounts of sun exposure, such as walking to the car or to the mailbox, to start skin damage."

And for those who engage in popular winter sports like skiing, UVA rays are even stronger at higher elevations. Sunblocks with high SPFs (sun protection factor) guard against UVB rays but they do not block against UVAs, so many sunscreen products do not sufficiently protect against the entire range of UVA rays.

It is crucial, then, to look for products that guard against the entire spectrum of UVA/UVB rays. Sunblocks that contain zinc oxide, titanium dioxide or Parsol 1789 provide complete protection against aging and burning rays. Try Coppertone Shade UVA Guard SPF 30, Hawaiian Tropic 30 Plus Broad Spectrum Sunblock, L'Oreal Ombrelle Sunscreen Lotion or Spray in SPF 15, or PreSun Ultra SPF 30.

Lip Tips

Don't forget that the lips are particularly susceptible to sun damage too. In comparison to other facial skin, they have far fewer oil glands, no sweat glands, a much thinner protective outer layer and very few melanocytes, the cells that produce the protective pigment melanin. Accumulated sun exposure makes the lips less plump as UV rays damage their collagen and elastin fibers, resulting in rough spots, scaly patches or faded areas.

Even if you wear lipstick on a regular basis, most do not contain the sunscreens and conditioners you can find in a lip balm. Blistex offers a wide range of lip care products, like their new Blistex Herbal Answer, which contains the conditioning qualities of five natural, herbal extracts: aloe, chamomile, avocado, jojoba and shea butter, plus SPF 15; Blistex Ultra Protection with SPF 30 has six protectants for advanced defense against cold, wind and sun; Blistex DCT (Daily Conditioning Treatment) with SPF 20 contains aloe, lanolin, cocoa butter, and vitamins A and E to help keep lips soft and supple. o

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Allergy Alleviation

Date: June 10, 2005 05:32 PM
Author: Darrell Miller (dm@vitanetonline.com)
Subject: Allergy Alleviation

Allergy Alleviation by Cal Orey , February 2, 2002

Allergy Alleviation By Cal Orey

Welcome to the stuffed up world of seasonal allergic rhinitis: the wheezing, sneezing "inhalant allergies" that torment 35 million Americans. Adding insult to sinus pain, other allergens attack year-round. Air pollution, dust mites (microscopic gremlins that infest bedding, upholstery and rugs) and animal dander trigger allergies-or other respiratory ailments-in any season. Urban air is full of rubber tire particles, a true blowout for those with latex sensitivity. Altogether, roughly 50 million Americans-about one in five-suffer from some form of allergy, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI). Tired of cross-pollinating with plants or being bowled over by dust balls? Vitamins, herbs and other nutrients can help you nip allergy discomfort in the bud.

The Allergy Response

Your immune system triggers an allergic response when it overreacts to otherwise harmless substances or antigens (we're talking dust, pollen and mold).The alarmed immune system then launches a defensive chemical reaction, releasing potent chemicals (antibodies) supposed to destroy the "invaders." The antibodies, called IgE, carry the invading substances to special cells, which zap them with more biochemicals. Among these protective cells are mast cells: they release histamine, the substance that causes swelling and inflammation to the linings of the nose, sinuses and eyelids, resulting in sneezing, upper respiratory congestion and itchy, watery eyes.

Just Blame The Folks

Most allergies are determined by your genes. If your Mom or Dad sneeze and scratch, there's a good chance you will, too. "That is not to say that we directly inherit an allergy to any specific substance. Rather, it seems as if we might inherit some kind of immune system defect or weakness that leaves us more vulnerable to allergies," explain co-authors Glenn S. Rothfeld, MD, and Suzanne LeVert in their book Natural Medicine for Allergies: The Best Alternative Methods for Quick Relief (Rodale). For some people, allergies lurk in food, throwing the immune system into overdrive. "Many natural medicine practitioners believe that a diet high in animal fats will contribute to the development of allergy and asthma, as does a diet high in food additives, such as preservatives and dyes," says Gary McLain, PhD, in his book The Natural Way of Healing: Asthma and Allergies (Dell). Worse, allergies can up the risk of asthma, which afflicts 15 million Americans. Most people afflicted with asthma also suffer allergies: the two are linked, according to the AAAAI. Allergy triggers of asthma include pollen, mold spores and house dust mites. Remember Helen Hunt's asthmatic son in the movie As Good As It Gets? His character endured allergies to dust, and living in New York (and watching his mom date Jack Nicholson) didn't help his immune system. Coughs, ear infections, fevers and visits to hospital emergency rooms curtailed his social life (and limited his close-ups as well). That kind of routine happens in real life, too. (Well, maybe close encounters with Jack N. are not included for most.) But when we breathe substances such as molds, they can induce swelling and inflammation of the bronchial airways which narrow and restrict air flow. This, in turn, causes wheezing and shortness of breath and can trigger an asthma "attack," according to Andrew Engler, MD, who specializes in allergy and asthma in San Mateo, California.

The Nose Knows: Chemical Sensitivities

Imagine a picture-perfect, crisp, clear Saturday morning. You make a final stop on your weekly errand run to the dry cleaner, where you drop off your laundry and spend a moment chatting up the owner. Back in your car, your eyes tear and you feel a bit woozy. Kenneth Bock, MD, and Nellie Sabin, writing in The Road to Immunity: How To Survive and Thrive in a Toxic World (Pocket Books) sense that your reaction could be chemical sensitivity, a difficult to diagnose but, in their opinion, very real malady. (Of course, a clinician can test you for immune responses to certain chemicals.) Reactions to chemicals produce the typical allergic responses: puffy or red-rimmed eyes; swelling; aching or stiff joints and muscles; irritability or dizziness; respiratory inflammations; headaches and the like. Villains include aerosol sprays, tobacco smoke, glues, insecticides and herbicides, household chemicals and fragrances. Identification and avoidance are key, say the authors. Vitamin C, which binds with chemicals, is one of the best nutritional defenses.

Breathing Problems Expand

Americans now freely take lifesaving medicines such as antibiotics and insulin but, in some people, "they have the potential to alter the immune system, which is where allergies begin," says Dr. McLain. (Consult your pharmacist if you have questions about your prescription medication.) We, as a nation, are also eating more chemicals, from the pesticides drenched on plants to the preservatives poured on prepared foods. We're breathing polluted air, which can lead to or exacerbate asthma, and then we choke on recycled air in sealed buildings. And while a century ago you were likely to have spent much of your time close to home, you can now hop on a supersonic plane and be taken to the other side of the globe within a matter of hours. With travel comes exposure to even more exotic allergens that can drive your immune system to distraction.

The All-Natural Gesundheit

Certain allergy-relief nutrients and herbs can help make life more bearable. Here's how they work: n Vitamin C for the lungs. According to experts, when vitamin C is low, asthma is high. Vitamin C carries the major antioxidant load in the airways and therefore contributes mightily to the health of the lungs. A study in the Annals of Allergy (73(1994):89-96) reported that in seven of 11 clinical trials since 1973, vitamin C supplementation provided "significant improvements" in respiratory function and asthma symptoms. n Vitamin E and carotene to suppress allergic reactions. These antioxidants may also help protect the respiratory tract from caustic pollutants. Vitamin E is reputed to be one of the most important nutrients for antioxidant protection in the lungs. In addition, these two substances decrease production of allergy-related compounds called leukotrienes. n Zinc for the immune system. Research shows that a deficiency in this trace mineral can weaken your immune system, setting you up as a target for allergies and infections. (Some vegetarians may not store sufficient amounts of this mineral and should take supplements.) Zinc comes to the body's rescue by taking part in the production of IgA, the gastrointestinal antibody that lines the digestive tract. "When IgA binds to an allergen, it keeps it from being absorbed into the bloodstream and thus from causing an allergic reaction," report Rothfeld and Levert. Also, zinc protects mucous membranes and helps convert beta carotene to vitamin A, another anti-allergy, immune-boosting nutrient. In a study of 100 participants at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, half took a zinc-based lozenge, while the other half received a dummy preparation. The participants taking zinc experienced a 42% reduction in the duration and severity of their common colds (Annals of Internal Medicine, 7/96). n Quercetin as an antihistamine. A valuable, anti-allergic flavonoid (plant coloring agent that is a powerful antioxidant), quercetin shines as a potent weapon against allergies and asthma. Believed to inhibit histamine release from mast cells and slow the production of other allergy-related compounds, it stabilizes mast cell membranes. Other flavonoid-rich extracts include grape seed, pine bark, green tea and Ginkgo biloba. n Additional helpful nutrients: Vitamin B-12, particularly to combat sensitivity to sulfites (The Nutrition Desk Reference [Keats]); selenium, an antioxidant that breaks down leukotrienes (Clinical Science 77, 1989: 495-500); and magnesium to relax bronchial tissues (Journal of the American Medical Association, 262 [1989]: 1210-3).

Herbal Remedies To The Rescue

n Nettles for hay fever relief. Research at the National College of Naturopathic Medicine in Portland, Oregon, showed that 40 of 69 folks suffering from hay fever found moderate to extreme relief from taking freeze-dried stinging nettles (Planta Medica, [1990] 44-47). "It is nontoxic, cheap and preferable to antihistamines, which I think are significantly toxic," reports Andrew Weil, MD, in his book Natural Health, Natural Medicine: A Comprehensive Manual for Wellness and Self-Care (Houghton Mifflin). n Cayenne to reduce inflammation. Cayenne, known as hot red pepper, is rich in capsaicin, a potent flavonoid "counter-irritant" that dilates and soothes inflamed nasal and bronchial tissues, according to experts. A bonus: Cayenne also contains a rich amount of antioxidant vitamin C, which can help enhance your immune system. n Echinacea for allergy prevention. This popular Native American herb provides cold and allergy protection, particularly when you take it before encountering allergens. Studies reveal that echinacea aids your body's tissues and protects you from germs and allergens. In fact, German studies have found it possesses valuable antiviral, antibacterial and immunity-boosting properties.

Make Your World Allergy-Free

For the most effective allergy relief, make sure you stay clear of allergens that wreak allergy havoc. Visit an allergy-savvy health practitioner and get tested to find out which substances rock your respiratory world. Plus, allergy experts recommend: n Banish dust mites: sweep out clutter and have your house power-vacuumed, if necessary; wash bedding and linens in very hot water. n De-pollinate your environment: flip on the air conditioner to sift out pollen (keep its filter and any forced air registers clean); exercise indoors; machine dry, rather than line dry, your clothes. n Buy a home air filter, especially if you experience dust, pollen or pet dander allergies. n Avoid allergy triggers that dog your days: cats and canines (or consider the hairless or shed-less breeds), mold and tobacco smoke. No matter what you do or actions you take, allergies may always remain an annoyance in your life. But attention to the foods you eat, the places where you exercise and the right combination of anti-allergy nutrients can limit your discomfort.

Leveling The Leukotrine Playing Field

On a microscopic level, a series of biochemicals implicated in allergic reactions are leukotrienes, substances that may constrict the bronchial tubes (breathing passages). In some people, consuming the food additive tartrazine can cause severe asthmatic breathing difficulties by boosting leukotrine release. In turn, this can interfere with the body's use of vitamin B-6. The process in which lack of B-6 or "errors" in how your body uses B-6 causes allergic reactions and is complex. According to Michael Murray, ND and Joseph Pizzorno, ND in the revised edition of the Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine (Prima), breathing problems may begin when the metabolism of tryptophan (an amino acid) goes awry: "Tryptophan is converted to serotonin, a compound that, among other things, can cause the airways of asthmatics to constrict...Vitamin B-6 is required for the proper metabolism of tryptophan." Accordingly, a study of vitamin B-6, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, shows that people with compromised breathing may possess less B-6 in their blood than others who breathe normally. When people with asthma were given B-6, their wheezing and asthmatic attacks dropped.

Fat Fix For Allergies

The fat in your diet or supplements can also influence your susceptibility to allergies and asthma linked to allergies. Epidemiologists have found that countries where children eat fish at least four times a month cut their risk of asthma by 67% compared to other parts of the world where they consume fewer fish. Research on omega-3 fatty acids, the kind of fat found in fish, flax and hemp oil, demonstrates that some of these substances can improve breathing. In particular, fatty acids called eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can help open up bronchial tubes. Studies in the American Review of Respiratory Disease and the International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology show that breathing passageways may not react so negatively to the presence of allergens when you eat more fish or take supplements containing these types of fats. Many of the scientists who study the kinds of fats we eat believe that the increase in allergies and asthma in the US during the twentieth century may be due to both increasing air pollution (which irritates our lungs) plus a simultaneous increase in our consumption of what are called omega-6 fatty acids. Omega-6 oils are contained in most of the vegetable oils Americans eat, including sunflower and peanut oils. While experts believe that we would be better off consuming a diet containing about five times as many omega-6 fatty acids as omega-3s, today we eat about 40 times as much omega-6s. The chemistry of how these fats influence our allergy susceptibility is complex. It begins in our cell membranes which consist mostly of fat. When we consume omega-3 fatty acids, in our diet or in supplements, and these fats enter cell membranes, the change in structure cuts the availability of arachidonic acid, a fatty acid your body can make and which is found in meat, eggs and dairy products. Eventually, it is thought that this change in cellular metabolism and reduction in arachidonic acid forces the body to make less 4-series leukotrienes, substances which are quite prone to provoking allergic inflammation and, instead, produce 5-series leukotrienes, leukotrienes which don't cause nearly as much trouble. This process requires patience. According to Pizzorno and Murray. "It may take as long as one year before the benefits are apparent, as it appears to take time to turn over cellular membranes in favor of the omega-3 fatty acids."

Chinese Medicine Versus Allergies

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) views allergies as an imbalance of the liver, says Jason Elias, co-author with Katherine Ketcham of The Five Elements of Self-Healing (Harmony Books). "The average American's (liver) deals with about fourteen pounds of chemicals a year. What would normally be a minor irritant becomes major because the liver can't process them anymore," explains Elias. Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has traditionally been used to fight allergies since this herb battles inflammation as evidenced by Japanese research and a study published in the journal Allergy. Much of this anti-allergy action is thought to proceed from licorice's interaction with a biochemical called cortisol, a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands. Cortisol (along with epinephrine, another adrenal hormone) relaxes the muscles controlling airways. By slowing the liver's breakdown of cortisol, licorice prolongs circulation of this hormone which, in turn, can help breathing passages stay clear. In addition, glycyrrhetinic acid, a compound in licorice, slows the body's manufacture of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, substances which exacerbate allergic inflammatory reactions. Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica) has been employed for thousands of years to aid breathing since chemicals in this plant widen breathing passages.

Homeopathic Remedies for Allergy

Homeopathic treatments consist of highly diluted substances designed to coax the body into healing itself. The effectiveness of homeopathy for hayfever has been demonstrated by research published in Lancet performed at the University of Glasgow, Scotland. There, scientists showed that homeopathically-prepared medicines produced statistically significant improvements in allergy sufferers. The appropriate homeopathic remedy for any illness depends on the personality type of the person suffering an allergy. These treatments are among those recommended by Dana Ullman: n Allium cepa: appropriate for burning nasal discharge that grows worse in warm rooms and improves outdoors. Relieves non-burning tearing from eyes, raw feeling in the nose with tingling sensation and violent sneezing. n Nux vomica: used when feeling irritable and chilled, with daytime fluent nasal discharge and night congestion that grows worse indoors. Also for those sensitive to cold and to being uncovered. n Pulsatilla: best for women and children with daytime nasal discharge and night congestion who are gentle, yielding, mild, impressionable and emotional. Used when congestion is worse in warm rooms, hot weather or while lying down.

Food Allergy Conundrum Food allergies can prove to be the toughest allergies to identify and eliminate. Jason Elias believes that people may develop food sensitivities from eating the same foods too often. "If someone has an allergy, I might say 'Let's get you off dairy for three weeks,'" he says, noting that some people have limited their hay fever problems by ceasing to consume dairy products. Many have also found relief by maintaining a food diary, keeping track of which foods are associated with allergy attacks and then eliminating those foods. So the next time you sneeze, don't just reach for your hanky, think back to the meal that you just ate. Your allergy problem may be sitting in your stomach as well as making you sneeze and stuffing your sinuses. Taking these kinds of anti-allergy preventive measures can provide life-enhancing relief that feels like a godsend. That lets you attain your healthy best.

This article included reporting by Judy Pokras.